Examining The Friendship Of A Single Soul English Literature Essay

Examining The Friendship Of A Single Soul English Literature Essay To the query, what is a friend? Aristotles response was a single soul dwelling in two bodies.' These friends are the ones who most likely know us better than we know ourselves, and whose names are forever branded on our heart (Parrott Parrott, 1998). Consider for a moment, which of these people are in your life; your friendship with them didnt happen in the blink of an eye. Over time we gradually begin to let these people see who we really are, and our friendship begins to grow into something memorable. Friends are what have enriched my life. Oh, I have loved my family, but its not the same. Friends have brought me more of the world; theyve added spice and variety (Apter Josselson, 1998). We are born into our family, but one amazing thing about our life is that we have the ability to choose our friends. There are some common characteristics that span across all types of friendships: rules shape the friendship, can last a lifetime and typically consist of people in the same age rang e (Floyd, 2009). How are cross-sex friendships similar to same-sex friendships? How are they different? Using major motion pictures that depict this remarkable bond between friends, we realize the qualities these friendships possess that make them similar and yet how different they really are. Similarities Notice that when Aristotle was asked, what is a friend? he didnt respond a single soul dwelling in two female bodies, or two male bodies, or even a male and a female body, its a single soul in two bodies. Friendship has no limits; there is no rule that says we can or cannot have friends of the same or opposite sex. Regardless of how many friends we have, same-sex or cross-sex, they all share the same purpose. Each and every relationship provides comfort during difficult times, outlets for expression of fear, feelings and fantasies, companionship, acceptance, and greater self-knowledge (Monsour, 2002). In the movie The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, Bridget, Tibby, Lena, and Carmen define friendship as it occurs between girls/women. We were there for the things we couldnt face alone, or the ones we didnt want to face at all. Together, it was as if we formed one single, complete person (Ephron Brashares, 2005). Despite the obstacles that the girls face, their love and support for each other keeps their friendship strong. We know now that no matter how far we traveled on our own separate paths, somehow we would always find our way back to each other; and with that, we could get through anything. To us, who we were, who we are, and who well be. To the sisterhood, this moment, and the rest of our lives together and apart (Ephron Brashares, 2005). Although the girls have their own obstacles to deal with, they overcome them individually because of the unique bond that is their friendship. Likewise, the movie 8 Seconds tells the incredible true story of World Champion Bull Rider Lane Frost. The film not only documents Lanes rise to fame, but also displays Lanes friendship with fellow bull riders, Tuff Hedeman and Cody Lambert. Some people believe that men are incapable of having intimate friendships like women with other men (Derlega, 1992). Floyd (2009) states that equal levels of closeness are apparent in same-sex friendships regardless of sex. While doing an interview with George Michael, Lane says this about friend and fellow rider, Tuff Hedeman: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦me and my traveling partner Tuff Hedeman have been trading places all year. Sometimes hes in first, next week Im in first. If he wins, Ill be so happy for him, Ill forget about myself losing (Merrick, 1994). Lane, Tuff, and Cody arent just traveling buddies; they support each other no matter what, despite the fact that they compete against each other. After Lanes tragic death in 1989, Tuff realized how much Lane believed in him, and how amazing the friendship truly was. Back in the spring, Lane said, this is your year. that Id win the championship; [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] now its only a week away and I really think that I got a chance. I never had anybody believe that much in me (Merrick, 1994). Tuff Hedeman won the World Championship that year, just as Lane had predicted, and Tuff rode an extra eight seconds in memory of Lane. Harry Burns and Sally Albright are two iconic best friends. Harry: The first time we met, we hated each other [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the third time we met, we became friends. Sally: We were friends for a long time (Ephron N. , 1989). Can men and women be friends, without sex getting in the way? This question was presented in the 1989 movie, When Harry Met Sally. Despite the fact that Harry and Sally end up together at the conclusion of the film, the friendship they have is more than that of any ordinary couple involved in a sexual relationship. Making a cross-gender relationship work does not solely depend on recognizing our differences. Its a matter of appreciating those differences as well (Parrott Parrott, 1998). Harry and Sally have a friendship very similar to what two women or two men might have; they are each others confidantes, support systems, and are committed to making their friendship work. After looking at three different films depicting friendships, the similarities between same-sex (female), same-sex (male), and cross-sex friendships become apparent. The social support given by same-sex friends can also be observed in cross-sex friendships (Monsour, 2002). Samuel Taylor Coleridge said, friendship is a sheltering tree, regardless of sex, it is obvious that all of these friendships are exactly that; a sheltering tree for everyone involved in the friendship. Differences We cant just look at the similarities between friendships, because lets face it, men and women are very different. The basic rules of friendship are similar, but the way we go about accomplishing them isnt always the same. Migliaccio (2009) says that a mans friendship is more than simply a product of being a man [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the form of intimacy men experience is called closeness in the doing, also known as shared activity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦women and men value different aspects of their respective friendships, women place greater emphasis on conversational and emotional expressiveness, whereas mens friendships focus on shared activities and interests (Floyd, 2009). A stereotypical girls night might consist of dinner, some drinks, and conversations about friends, love, life, and the future. On the other hand, a guys night could be a game of poker or a night at the gym playing a pick-up game of basketball. Within female friendship we satisfy our psychological hunger to explore different thoughts and feelings [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] they build one anothers confidence or tear it down (Apter Josselson, 1998). Despite having to spend the summer away from each other, the girls in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants keep their friendship strong by writing letters to each other as if they were still together. In a letter that Lena writes Carmen, she expresses how afraid she actually is to fall in love. Hes right, Car. I am afraid. Theres a part of me that wants to let him in but then I feel myself put this wall up and I dont understand why. Maybe thats what strikes me most about Kostas: that despite everything hes suffered he can still look at life in the most uncomplicated way. Ive never known that kind of faith. It makes me so sad that people like Kostas and Bridget who have lost everything can still be open to lovewhile I, who have lost nothing, am not. (Ephron Brashares, 2005) Bridget, Tibby, Lena, and Carmen are able to express their emotions, fears, and feelings through a letter and a pair of secondhand jeans. Wear them, theyll make you brave (Ephron Brashares, 2005). The psychological hunger to examine ones ambitions, and emotions is satisfied by female friendships, there is no need to perform femininity such as men perform masculinity in their friendships. A womans friendship inevitably shapes and changes who the woman is (Apter Josselson, 1998). Unlike women, men stereotypically dont share all the intimate details that go on in their lives. As stated earlier, men generally emphasize the activities and interests they share with their friends. Lane Frost, Tuff Hedeman, and Cody Lambert, obviously have a friendship consisting of shared activity. First of all, they compete together in bull riding competitions; and when they arent, they spend their nights out at the bars shooting a game of pool. Although the guys still support each other, the emotional connection that typically is apparent with women is sometimes nonexistent. After a bull steps on Lanes groin, Tuff tells Lane he needs to cowboy up, Ive got two words for you Lane, Cowboy Up (Merrick, 1994). The idea that masculinity is a major part in friendships between two or more men is evident in 8 Seconds. The interaction between male friends is not simply because we are men, but a part of performing masculinity in society (Migliaccio, 2009). Lane, Tuff, and Cody, perform mas culinity by expressing boldness, strength, and resiliency. Its guts and love and glory, one mortals chance at fame. His legacy is rodeo, and cowboy is his name (Merrick, 1994). When Harry met Sally, a life long friendship began. The obvious difference in their friendship was the exact thing Sally denied sex, and eventually love. At the end of the film, Harry races to meet Sally in order to tell her exactly how he feels: I love that you get cold when its 71 degrees out. I love that it takes you an hour and a half to order a sandwich. I love that you get a little crinkle above your nose when youre looking at me like Im nuts. I love that after I spend the day with you, I can still smell your perfume on my clothes. And I love that you are the last person I want to talk to before I go to sleep at night (Ephron N. , 1989). One substantial difference between same-sex friends and cross-sex friends is the possibility for two cross-sex friends to fall in love. Another is that cross-sex friends are able to encourage the opposite sex friend to engage in opportunities that are usually associated with the opposed gender; such as men engaging in emotional expressions and women participating in shared activity (Floyd, 2009). Conclusion Quoting Frederick Buechner, Friends are people you make part of your life just because you feel like it. Basically your friends are not your friends for any particular reason. They are your friends for no particular reason. No one has the power to choose our friends except us, therefore it doesnt matter what sex our friends are. After viewing three movies where different types of friendships are exhibited, the similarities and differences between each type of friendship is very distinct. These distinct qualities that make our friendships alike or not, have the power to change the roles of our friends. Who are your best friends? Does it matter what their sex is?

Antoni Gaudi – Essay

Antoni Gaudi One of Spain’s most internationally recognized architects, Antonio Gaudi has left his mark throughout Barcelona and Catalonia. His whimsical vision and imaginative designs have brought a bit of magic to this historic region. Gaudi? s culmination of traditional elements with fanciful ornamentation and brilliant technical solutions paved the way for future architects to step outside the box. Born in Reus, Catalonia in 1852, Gaudi was the first in over four generations to leave the family tradition of metal working. As a child, Antonio never excelled in school. He suffered from arthritis, which kept his attendance low, and preferred to spend his time observing plants and animals, as well as studying forms in nature, which would eventually be so prominent in his designs. It was also during his early years studying with the Escolapius Fathers that Gaudi recognized the â€Å"value of the divine history of the salvation of man through Christ incarnate, given to the world by the Virgin Mary. † He later incorporated such beliefs into his greatest work, The Sagrada Familia. Around 1870 Gaudi moved to Barcelona to study architecture at the Provincial School of Architecture. His grades were again less than superior. However, the young student did earn special recognition in the areas of Trial Drawings and Projects, which allowed him to put his outlandish ideas to use. His professor proclaimed that what had been produced in these two courses was either the work of an insane man or a genius. In 1878 Antoni Gaudi was one of only four students to be granted the title of Architect by the school? s director. At a time of cultural and political renaissance in Europe, Gaudi looked to many sources of inspiration for his work. Medieval books, Gothic art, Oriental structures, the Art Nouveau movement, and, of course, the glory of nature, strongly influenced his designs. His deep love of music, as well as his interest in writers such as John Ruskin, who said that â€Å"ornament is the origin of architecture,† also played a roll in the development of Gaudi? s unmistakable style. After graduating, Gaudi found comfort in the flourishing city life of turn-of-the century Barcelona. Numerous doors were opened for him among the bourgeoisie, artists, and intellectuals of the time. The young architect had a reputation for dressing in the latest fashion, and surrounding himself by high society. However, Gaudi never forgot his working-class roots. His first major project as a professional architect was workers? housing in a factory, the Coopertiva Mataronese, which was intended to improve the workers? quality of life. Gaudi presented his design at the Paris World Fair in 1878. It was there that he met Eusebi Guell, the man who would become one of the artist’s closest friends and most loyal patrons. In the following years, with rapidly growing interest in his work, Gaudi took on many important projects. Among them was the house built for the wealthy ceramic manufacturer, Manuel Vicens, as well as â€Å"El Capricho,† a villa for the brother-in-law of the Marquee of Comillas. Soon after, Gaudi began designing a palace for his good friend Guell (Palau Guell), and then later the two collaborated on Park Guell, which was intended to be a garden city. Gaudi, however, is most recognized for his work on â€Å"La Sagrada Familia,† a twentieth century cathedral in Barcelona. Gaudi took over the project in 1884 after a disagreement between a member of the Temple Council and the original project manager, Fracisco de Paula del Villar (Gaudi’s former professor), over materials. Antonio Gaudi was a mere 31 years of age when he officially gained control over the building. The architect devoted the next forty-two years of his life to its construction, until his sudden death at age 74 in 1926.

Athletic Shoes Industry - 4589 Words

Athletic Shoes Industry Strategy Comparison Report of Nike, Inc. and Adidas AG wei 4/30/2010 ABSTRACT This report is an analysis of the athletic shoes industry on both a global and U.S. market. This report is to analyze the external and internal issues facing this athletic shoes industry, and the companies that operate within it. This analysis includes a comparison of Nike, Inc. and Adidas AG who are footwear manufacturers in the world. However, Nike spent thirty years developing from the challenger position change to the challenged from Adidas. Rivalry among business firms grew more intense as the economy develops. This report will compare competitive advantages and distinctive competencies between two companies, and conclude†¦show more content†¦However, these countries also build their own athletic shoes brands to join to this big market. These athletic shoes companies have the cost advantage for basic need and these countries customer don’t have high consumption power. The local brand athletic shoes at low price are the best choice for them. Growth of industry The footwear industry includes the athletic shoes and non-athletic shoes. From 2004 to 2008, the athletic shoes market shares about 44% and keeps growing every year. (See Table 1) United States has more than twenty billions of dollars of athletic shoes market. Also global market has more than eighty billions of dollars. (See Figure 1) From 2003 to 2005, Athletic shoes market size-growth rate decreased from 12% to 6% in the global market. Furthermore in 2007, athletic shoes sales just had 2% increases from 2006. However, the athletic footwear market declined 3.2% in 2008 and dropped by 1.4% in 2009 in the U.S. market. The reason is the bad global economic environment happened at that time. Insert Figure 1 here Athletic shoes industry is highly competitive and has low growth rate in the U.S market. However, has been forecasted, the U.S and global athletic shoes markets will increase after 2009. (See Figure 1) The table shows that athletic shoes industry has 44% market share in all footwear market and keeps the low growth rate in every single year from 2009. In the U.S. market, the compound average growth rate (CAGR) (SeeShow MoreRelatedRyka, Inc.: Lightweight Athletic Shoes for Women995 Words   |  4 Pages( Ryka, INC.: Lightweight Athletic Shoes for Women Business and Industry Analysis ) Ryka is doing business of athletic shoes for women, which are made on the shape of a woman’s foot, and are designed and developed considering women’s unique fit needs. It is the only athletic footwear company, which is exclusively for women, by women, and now supporting women. Because a woman’s needs in a comfortable, attractive, high performance athletic shoes that are attractive, comfortable, and well suitedRead MoreThe Athletic Shoe Industry Is Made Up Of Companies That Produce Footwear For Athletic Use1638 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The athletic shoe industry is made up of companies that produce footwear for athletic use. This is a strong industry and has been around for over 100 years. The athletic shoe industry is one of the fastest growing footwear industries and have top growing sales compared to other footwear industries (NDP Group, 2016). The key players that currently dominate the market are Nike, Adidas, and Puma (Kates Bolduc, 2013). This paper will use the porter five forces, industry life cycle, andRead MorePorter Five Forces of Reebok1314 Words   |  6 PagesIndustry Analysis Using: Michael Porter’s Industry Forces Model Reebok International, Ltd. (1995): The Nike Challenge Case Authored By: Thomas L. Wheelen, Moustafa H. Abdelsamad, Shirley E. Fieber, and Judith D. Smith Analysis By: Tim Sacks Threat of New Entrants Barriers to Entry The athletic shoe industry is slowly becoming a global oligopoly. There are many barriers to entry preventing new entrants from capturing significant market share. Large athleticRead More Nike1698 Words   |  7 Pages(503-671-6453, www.nike.com) is the worlds #1 athletic shoe and apparel seller. Nike currently employs 20,700 employees, with total sales of $8.78 billion. Nike and the athletic shoe industry have evolved into one of the most competitive market in recent years. But, analysts believe that athletic shoe sales will slow down over the next few years. The slowdown will come with the change in consumer trends. For instance, the younger market is beginning to buy more casual shoes and work boots. Another reason forRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Products And Services1616 Words   |  7 Pagespairs of athletic shoes annually. All sports footwear are categorized under the brand of Easy Run, including running, training, walking, hiking, baseball, basketball, tennis, golf, and soccer. Work shoes, sandals, boots, and casual styles are available through the company’s Easy Life brand, which joined the Easy Run’s family in 2011. The company launched its unique custom-made running shoes service in 2012 and customers could personalize the colors or even knit theirs name on the shoes. In futureRead MoreHow Should Reebok Get Its Market Share Back?1612 Words   |  7 Pagesproducts are athlete shoes. Reebok footwear and apparel have been an international brand since 1984. In 2003, its worldwide sales were about $3.5 billion.　It is a number two brand in the athletic shoe market in U.S., however, the industry in growth rate is decreasing (Zerio 2005). In this paper, I would like to present the best way for Reebok to market their products in such industry situation. The Problem Statement Considering the changing urban culture and the athletic shoes market, determineRead MoreAdidas Industry Analysis964 Words   |  4 PagesAdidas athletic shoes 1. General History The global footwear market is a growing market with an increase in consumer demand based on globally increasing consumer incomes. The sports footwear market is significantly characterized by the high speed of innovation, which forces the companies to invest more in development initiatives. At the same time the companies are trying to reduce costs through decreasing supplier prices in order to stay competitive. Looking forward, the footwear marketRead MoreNikes Core Competencies Exist In Their1511 Words   |  7 Pageselements provide much value and benefits to Nike’s consumers, are not easy for competitions to imitate, and can be leveraged widely to most of their products and markets. 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How do they compete each other in term of 4P marketing strategy Product: As an athletic shoes producer, they try to provide betterRead MoreECO 365 WEEK 4 presentation paper1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe athletic footwear industry in the United States is highly profitable and continuously growing. In this paper I will identify market structure of the athletic footwear industry, the major retailers, and competitive strategies that can be used to maximize profits. History The Athletic shoe industry had its start in 1892 when U.S Rubber company invented Keds and by 1917 they were being mass produced. Over the years the athletic shoe industry in the United States has evolved from crude shoes with

Intangible Justice is in the Soul Essay - 1352 Words

Intangible Justice is in the Soul Plato’s Republic, although officially divided into ten books, can be separated into two very distinct sections. The first section, roughly spanning Books I through IV, contains a rather tangible investigation of justice in practice. Namely, the section considers what acts or occurrences are just, either in a city or in a man. The second section, beginning around Book V and continuing through the end of the dialogue, deals with the much more abstract issue of justice in a soul. The backbone of this section is the Allegory of the Cave, and the establishment of the philosopher. Within these discussions, a new concept of justice is revealed which proves to be the most profound in the dialogue, and†¦show more content†¦This is a profound step, as it can be paralleled with releasing someone from the â€Å"noble lie† created during the formation of the just city—an act considered and completely refuted at the time. Socrates continues to describe the proce ss of release. â€Å"Take a man who is released and suddenly compelled to stand up, to turn his neck around, to walk and look up toward the light†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The most significant piece of this description is the introduction of the â€Å"light†, representing education and a realization of reality and truth. Socrates describes this liberated person as feeling pain, at first blinded and unaccepting of the new reality placed before him. In order to make the person see the light, â€Å"someone† (515e) drags him towards it, and only after time he would become accustomed and begin to see what has really been presented to him. Every detail of the Allegory has some other meaning[3], but two of its elements are far and beyond the most important—the â€Å"light†, and the â€Å"someone† who aids in the liberation. The light, and more specifically the â€Å"sun†, that Socrates speaks of is nothing more and nothing less than being told the truth. At first it is rejected, not surprisingly, because it overturns everything that was known to be true. But after time, it is gradually accepted until the person accepts the new reality just as he accepted the old reality of puppets and shadows. The â€Å"someone† that brings the person out of the cave isShow MoreRelatedEssay Philosophical Debate1211 Words   |  5 Pagesto practice for dying and death.† While the body desires pleasures of the flesh, the soul desires wisdom. Truth cannot be perceived by senses. So if the search for final and absolute truth is accompanied by one’s body, the person is bound to be deceived. â€Å"For whenever it attempts to examine anything with the body, it is clearly deceived by it.† A philosopher must avoid the lusts and desires that trouble the soul when it is imprisoned within the body. He knows not to place the highest value on theRead More Plato on the Parthenon Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesexists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Platos view of science and mathematics are categorized as forms in the Intelligible World, which are intangible. Through analysis of illusory tactics, the Tripartite Soul, the simile of the line, and the artistic qualities of architecture, Platos, as well as my view of the Parthenon will become evident. The Parthenon was built to honor the goddess of wisdom, Athena. When structuresRead MorePlato on the Parthenon Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesexists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Platos view of science and mathematics are categorized as forms in the Intelligible World, which are intangible. Through analysis of illusory tactics, the Tripartite Soul, the simile of the line, and the artistic qualities of architecture, Platos, as well as my view of the Parthenon will become evident. The Parthenon was built to honor the goddess of wisdom, Athena. When structuresRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1464 Words   |  6 Pagesimperfect and changing manifestation in this world of these unchanging forms.(Plato) Virtue Virtue can indeed be taught, not merely by words, but in and through a vision of the exemplary acts of its bearers. (Plato) God God is an intangible, impersonal entity that encompasses and is the precondition for all ideas, all reality, all of the Forms but is not a religious interpretation and thus does not coincide with any standard view of who or what God is. The point is not to establishRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthe imperfect and changing manifestation in this world of these unchanging forms.(Plato) Virtue Virtue can indeed be taught, not merely by words, but in and through a vision of the exemplary acts of its bearers. (Plato) God God is an intangible, impersonal entity that encompasses and is the precondition for all ideas, all reality, all of the Forms but is not a religious interpretation and thus does not coincide with any standard view of who or what God is. The point is not to establishRead MoreThe Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri1725 Words   |  7 Pagesprejudices into the placement of souls within the Comedy. Ultimately, this results in a few inconsistencies in Dante’s logic that surface throughout the three different canticles. One such inconsistency is the ambiguous nature of Dante’s (or basically God’s, since Dante is, after all, playing the role of God) judgment of pagans. Right off the bat, readers run into virtuous pagans doomed to spend the rest of eternity in Limbo. Although, as their name suggests, these souls were actually respectable andRead MoreSt. Augustine Accepts Platonic Concept Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagesof Philosophy and Christianity. In class, we have discussed a number of ways in which St. Augustine accepts the ideas of Plato; one of those being the theory of forms. Plato’s theory of forms describes the divine to be in the invisible, perfect, intangible world. St. Augustine believed that Plato’s theory of the forms was compatible with his Christian beliefs because of a vision he had while trying to picture God. We are introduced to the Forms in Plato’s dialogue the Phaedo. The Theory of FormsRead MoreMusic, Music And Music1293 Words   |  6 Pagesemotions when words do not seem to be enough. The dulcet hum of the violin or even the sharp notes from an electric guitar are more than enough to express those intangible, yet impressionable feelings that cannot be fully appreciated through words. However, combine words and music together and the composer has a tool that can awaken a thousand souls all at once. Over the millenniums, music has had a profound ability to capture revolutionary moments, condemn injustice, and raise hope for change in theRead MorePlatos Theory of Knowledge Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom darkness. He put it this way, the conversion of the soul is not to put the power of sight in the souls eye, which already has it, but to insure that, insisted of looking in the wrong direction it is turned the way it ought to be. Platos two worlds: the dark, the cave, and the bright were his way of rejecting the Sophists, who found true knowledge impossible because of constant change. Plato believed there was a true Idea of Justice. The Cave showed us this quite dramatically. Read MoreFunctionalist Criminology And Positivist Criminology Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesPositivism are two theories that assess the mind and different approaches to human nature; classicist is a rational act and liberty. This method was industrialized between the 18th and 19th Century, it was created in order to process the criminal justice system and make sure everyone was treated equally (Classical Criminology is connected with Cesare Bonesana , Marchese de Beccaria). Positivism Criminology Is a an theory that is established by the concept of scientific understanding of law-breaking

Essay about The Darkness of Irony in Flannery OConnors...

The central theme of Flannery O’Connor’s three short stories is irony. Her stories are parables, that is, short stories with a lesson to be learned. She was a writer who suffered from Lupus. Her father died of the same illness when she was thirteen. Her Catholic beliefs reflected in her work, as well as the implementation of violence and darkness ironically used in her short stories. The titles in the stories give the readers an idea that the stories are the opposite of what the titles really state. She uses metaphors and similes to describe the characters and the settings of the stories. Each story relates to the darkness of the characters: people with racial prejudice, ignorance, and evil. Each story ends in a tragedy. The use of irony†¦show more content†¦The little boy’s mother attacks Julian’s mother, symbolizing the freedom that blacks now have attained. The religious symbolism in this story is present because in God’s eyes we are all the same, and Julian wants his mother to acknowledge it. Somehow, she fails to comprehend. The title itself is a metaphor. Just as bubbles bang into each other as they rise to the top in boiling water, the women in this story clash with each other as the black woman rises to the top of her social status and the white woman resists. The second story, â€Å"Good Country People†, is a story of a thirty-two-year-old woman who has a wooden leg. Ironically, the author was thirty-two when she died. Another irony: the woman’s name is Joy. The wooden leg symbolizes not only a physical but emotional and religious impediment to Joy-Hulga, who loses her leg due to a childhood accident. She is a well-educated woman with a PhD in Philosophy; she is also an atheist. She uses philosophy to deny faith, but the irony in this story is she gives her wooden leg to a Bible salesman. This part of the story symbolizes that even those who do not profess to religious beliefs need to believe in something or someone. Joy-Hulga’s leg gives support to her body, and her soul gives meaning to her life. The use of simile is shown in the sentences, â€Å"But she was as sensitive about the artificial leg as a peacock about his tail. She took care of it as someone else would his soul.† (674). When sheShow MoreRelatedFl annery OConnor Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O’ Connor’s method of writing is extraordinary with the right amount of religion. She writes in a way in which the reader can easily comprehend. Nonetheless, let us first discuss her short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† in this particular piece of writing O’ Connor gives us a sense of irony and suspense throughout the reading. One can easily recall when the family was passing by the beautiful scenery of Georgia and the grandma had made a racist remark of a Negro child standing in frontRead MoreCharacteristics Of Southern Gothic Literature1694 Words   |  7 Pagesera of Southern Gothic Literature through the pieces of Southern Writers born in the aftermath of The Civil War. One such example of Southern Gothic is A Good Man Is Hard to Find, written by Flannery O’Connor. This story takes place in the state of Georgia during a family road trip. A sense of darkness is instilled in the reader within the first paragraph with the mention of The Misfit, a frightening killer without a conscience. The Grandmother reads about him in the newspaper, stating â€Å"Here thisRead MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man893 Words   |  4 PagesIn O’Connor’s short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† the definition of what it takes to be a â€Å"good man† is very misconstrued. In the beginning of this story a â€Å"good† character does not exist. The family is habitually mean to the grandmother, and the grandmother is a conceded, selfish human being. The misfit, another main character, is a criminal and is not a morally good person either. The central theme of the entire story is the concept of the word â€Å"good,† a nd what it takes to meet this expectationRead MoreGothic Literature : The Southern Gothic Fiction1476 Words   |  6 PagesAuthors use morbidly dark and eccentric characters combined with southern charm and the ever-present gender divide to tell stories that represent a writing style known as southern gothic literature. â€Å"Southern Gothic is a subgenre of Gothic fiction unique to American literature that takes place exclusively in the American South. Elements of a Gothic treatment of the South were apparent in the 19th century, ante- and post-bellum, in the grotesques of Henry Clay Lewis and the de-idealized visions ofRead MoreThe Grotesque Pursue Of Goodness2189 Words   |  9 Pages290 5 May 2016 The Grotesque Pursue of Goodness in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor â€Å"The great advantage of being a Southern writer is that we don’t have to go anywhere to look for manners; bad or good, we’ve got them in abundance. We in the South live in a society that is rich in contradiction, rich in irony, rich in contrast, and particularly rich in its speech† (Flannery O’Connor). Mary Flannery O’Connor was born in 1925 in a Catholic family in the south of the United States,Read More Regal Imagery in Flannery O’Connor’s Everything That Rises Must Converge1013 Words   |  5 PagesRegal Imagery in Flannery O’Connor’s Everything That Rises Must Converge Flannery O’Connor uses images of regality as represented by hats, colors, and ironic regal references in the short story â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge† to symbolize Julian’s mother, and her societal views. She, like the hat, is not as upper class as she would have herself or others believe. In addition, her racist beliefs are challenged when a black woman enters the bus with the very same hat, forcing her to realizeRead MoreAnalysis Of Everything That Rises Must Converge By Flannery OConnor1676 Words   |  7 PagesFlannery O Connor’s works are nothing short of extraordinary. They frequently step into the realm of the extreme to make a statement or prove a point. The result is that her messages are stark and vivid, and O Connor is able to make bold positions on controversial subjects. She achieves this effect through a number of means, which consist primarily of Christian symbolism, character foils, and literary irony. Combined, they create ri ch, intense environments in which radical events push and twistRead MoreEverything That Rises Must Converge By Flannery O Connor1583 Words   |  7 PagesIn Flannery O’ Connor’s, â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge†, Julian’s resentment towards his mother becomes the cause of his own self-revelation. In a selfish attempt to teach his racist mother a lesson in morality, Julian does not sit with her on an integrated bus because It is his fantasy that she will be forced to sit next to an African American person. His wish comes true when an African American woman and her son get on the bus and take a seat next to each of them. However, contrary toRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthat may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction, then, we are referring to the deliberately arranged sequence of interrelated events that constitute the basic narrative structure of a novel or a short story. Events of any kind, of course, inevitably involve people, and for this reason it is virtually impossible to discuss plot in isolation from character. Character and plot are, in fact, intimately and reciprocally related, especially in modern fiction

Assessment of Ell Students Free Essays

Running head: Assessment Assessment of English Language Learners Student Name Grand Canyon University: ESL 534 August 8 2012 With the implementation of the No Child Left behind Act of 2001, states are required to assess ELL students to determine if students are making adequate progress towards their language development goals. The purpose of the NCLB act is to challenge students to meet higher standards, close the achievement gap, and ensure that all students have the same opportunities to reach their full potential. There has been much criticism regarding the NCLB act and the high stakes testing that has developed as a result, especially when it comes to ELL students. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment of Ell Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now ELL students not only have to learn required content objectives as other students, but have the challenge of learning the English language simultaneously. Students, schools, and teachers are evaluated with standardized test annually to ensure the initial goals are met. The concern that many have with standardized testing is they do not show the overall progress of the student which may lead to inaccurate results regarding a student’s language proficiency. English Language Learners are a diverse group with different languages, cultures, and backgrounds. Their language acquisition can be effected by many things including socio-economic factors and educational backgrounds. Understanding language acquisition theories can give critical insight into how assessments should be developed. Some of the popular theories of language acquisition include the threshold hypothesis, which states that a student’s language skills need to reach a critical level before students can benefit from bilingualism (Cummins, 1979) and the Critical/ Sensitive period hypothesis which states that students who are not exposed to a second language before puberty will never reach the proficiency of a native English speaker (Bailey Heritage, 2010). According to Hakuta 2000, it takes several years for ELL students to reach the level of proficiency needed to learn new academic content through a second language. This theory and others hould cause educators to question the current objectives that we have for ELL students and the time frame that ELL students have for meeting those objectives. Language proficiency assessments are an important tool used to measure students’ progress as well as record their starting point. Stiggins and Chappuis 2005 argue that students make conclusions ab out their capability of learning based on the assessments that teachers provide. and that â€Å"feedback delivered once a year from standardized district, state, national, or international is far too infrequent and broadly focused to be helpful (Stiggins Chappuis, 2005 p. 2). Stiggins and Chappuis believe that our current educational system places far too much emphasis on assessments and that one test does not provide an accurate measure of a schools or students success. Instead, they argue that student involved assessments are more beneficial for the student and teacher and set the student up for success. With student involved assessments student and teachers work as partners to monitor their achievement creating an environment where students feel secure and know what is expected of them and what it takes for them to meet their goals Stiggins Chappuis, 2005). Within the last ten years there have been numerous debates centered over how or if ELL students should participate in standardized testing. Some have argued that standardized test can be biased against ELL students because they don’t take into account cultural differences in language structure. Standardized test provide only a snap shot of the learning and growth that has taken place for ELL students and is not a way to accurately monitor the progress of students. With standardized testing we shift the attention from learning and building knowledge for the future to focusing on short term results. With unrealistic goals for standardized testing it can be difficult to tell the difference between schools that are serving the needs of ELL students and those that are not. References Bailey, A. L. and Heritage M. (2010). English Language Proficiency Assessments Foundations: External Judgments of Adequacy. Evaluating the validity of English language Proficiency Assessments. (An Enhanced Assessment Grant). Retrieved August 2, 2012 from http://www. library. gcu. edu Stiggins, R. and Chappuis, J. Using Student-Involved Classroom Assessment to Close Achievement Gaps Retrieved August 2, 2012 from http://www. library. gcu. edu How to cite Assessment of Ell Students, Essay examples

Comparison between NPV and IRR Method-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Describe the Net Present Value (NPV) method for Investment appraisal and explain the arguments that suggest that NPV should be preferred to Internal Rate of Return (IRR) when choosing among mutually exclusive capital investment projects. Answer: Introduction NPV method which is also known as Net Present Value Method and the Internal Rate of Return Method are popular methods of decision making. Investment proposal is analyzed with the help of these techniques and their future productivity. The investment proposal is selected after analyzing by these techniques. These methods are widely used by the business organization because of their accuracy in the projection but no method can provide an accurate projection of the future outcome. Therefore there is some limitation in these methods too. Net Present Value The net present value is the technique of selecting best investment project from different investment projects available. The net present value of investment proposal is defined as the sum of present value of all future cash inflows less the sum of the [present value of all cash outflow associated with the proposal(accountingtools, 2017). The concept of selection of projects under net present value is simple. The present value of all the future cash flows received from the project is discounted at the discount rate prevailing in the market and from that the present value of all the future cash outflows that are going to arise in the future will be subtracted. The investment project whose net present value is higher from all will be selected before other projects. The calculation of net present value is simple and effective. Following steps are followed by while calculating net present value: Determine total cash outflow arising from the project and the year in which these cash flows are arising. Then the total cash flow will be discounted with the discounted rate and converted into present value. Now calculate the total cash flow derived from the projects in different years. The life of the projects can be more and the projection, in that case, is difficult to be assessed. The total cash flows calculated in the above step will be discounted with the present value to derive the present value of cash inflow. The net present value is calculated by subtracting the total net present value of cash outflow from the project from the total cash inflow of the project received throughout its life. The project will be accepted if the project has positive or 0 Net Present Value. The project with higher Net Present Value will generate more profit for the company so they should be selected first. Comparison between NPV and IRR method: The future survival and growth of a business organization depend on its capacity to make the right decisions. The management of the company should take a decision by applying their due diligence and professional skills and these decisions should result in the development of the company. The project evaluation decision is one of such major decision which contributes to the growth of the company. There are different methods available to evaluate projects that should be accepted(Jan). The two methods net present value method and the internal rate of return methods are used widely by different organization. There is some issue between the uses of such methods over other methods. Both of the investment analyzing technique uses the concept of present value of money(efinancemanagement, 2012). The result of both the techniques is same in most of the cases but in some case, they might have a conflict with each other. For example, in some case, the net present value of one project is higher bu t the internal rate of return is lower(efinancemanagement, 2012). The net present value method calculates the opportunity cost of the different projects over another project. This conflict between the projects arises due to the nature of the project whether they are independent or mutually exclusive. The net present value method is considered best in the case of to be more useful in case of a mutually exclusive project than the internal rate of return. The meaning of mutually exclusive project is that one projects consideration does not include some other project. The internal rate of return consider the reinvestment of the same project over the expiry of its life, but net present value focuses on the single project that is into consideration. The reinvestment of the project is not practical there can be some more option in the future and the demand of present situation to give judgment on the presently available option. Further, the internal rate of return considers discounting of the future reinvestment of the project with the same rate. The internal rate of return based on too much future assumption. This is not practical neither accepted in the present competitive market. In the case of the internal rate of return, the rates derived from the calculation are sometimes impracti cal and too good to be true such as 30% or 35%. In a practical market, this return is impossible to achieve. The net present value, on the other hand, is taken into consideration the practical lending or borrowing rate which are prevailing in the market at that time. The internal rate of return simply calculates the rate at which the present value of cash inflow is equal to the present value of cash outflow arising from the project. The project with a higher rate of return will be selected from all the other projects. In the case of the mutually exclusive project, the net present value is best suitable than the internal rate of return. It gives more accurate result than the internal rate of return method and does not takes into account any assumption figures. The net present value always uses the true market rates. The internal rate of return is a relative method and ignores the total value added by acceptance of the project. Net present value is simpler than the internal rate of return and can be easily understood by the general public, it does not require any financial education on behalf of the user of information. Advantages and disadvantages of net present value method: There are many pros and cons associated with NPV method utilization. Some of them are pointed as follows Advantages The main advantage of net present value method is that it takes into consideration the future value of money(investopedia). Future value of money will always be less than it is now in the present Every year cash flow arising from the project is then discounted by the discount rate and converted into a present value which will be lower mainly. The net present value states clearly the total benefit arising in the future year from a project. The total benefit is subtracted from the total expense on the project which will be income from the project. It takes into account the inherent risk in making future projections. It also takes into account the cost of capital also. While evaluating the projects the risk and profitability factors associated with the projects are taken into consideration. The main concept of net present value is maximizing the value of the firm. Disadvantages The biggest and main disadvantage of the net present value of the project evaluation is that the cost of capital taken into calculation requires some assumption on a personal basis which can differ on an individual The net present value cannot be used while comparing two projects of different life. The project should be assumed that it will be reinvested again if such comparison is to be made which is impractical. Some people find the calculation of the net present value of the project very difficult because it contains some assumption on discounted The appropriate discounting rate cannot be calculated easily. Advantages and disadvantages of internal rate of return method: The internal rate of return as part of capital budgeting technique has certain advantages and limitations. Some of them are detailed as follows Advantages The internal rate takes into consideration the time value of money which one of the prominent factors to be considered while analyzing projects The internal rate of return is simple to understand by the general It simply gives the rate of return of each project that is under evaluation(Kumar, 2010). These rates of returns are then evaluated and the project with a higher rate of return will be selected. The internal rate of return can be used to evaluate two projects of different duration. For example, one project which has a life of 3 years can be compared with another project with 5-year Disadvantages The internal rate of return ignores all the future hidden cost which may arise. It only considers the time value of money but other changes in cost due to economic or political factors is ignored(Lanctot). This can affect the return received from the investment. The internal rate of return method makes the assumption the reinvestment of the project can be done at the same rate which is calculated now. But the future assumption cannot be used to achieve accuracy in business decision making. The Internal Rate of Return specifies the result in percentage basis and does not give the total benefit or loss in the term of dollars. The Internal Rate of Return calculation requires large formula. This formula can be hard to remember and even harder to execute in practical condition. Bibliography accountingtools. (2017). net present value analysis. Retrieved July 30, 2017, from accountingtools: https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/2017/5/17/net-present-value-analysis efinancemanagement. (2012). Why Net Present Value is the Best Measure for Investment Appraisal? Retrieved July 30, 2017, from efinancemanagement: https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/why-net-present-value-is-the-best-measure-for-investment-appraisal investopedia. (n.d.). Advantages and Disadvantages of the NPV and IRR Methods By Investopedia. Retrieved July 30, 2017, from investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/exam-guide/cfa-level-1/corporate-finance/advantages-disadvantages-npv-net-present-value-irr-internal-rate-of-return.asp Jan, O. (n.d.). NPV vs IRR. Retrieved July 30, 2017, from accountingexplained: https://accountingexplained.com/managerial/capital-budgeting/npv-vs-irr Kumar, V. (2010). Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal Rate of Return. Retrieved July 30, 2017, from Accounting Education: https://www.svtuition.org/2010/05/advantages-and-disadvantages-of.html Lanctot, P. (n.d.). The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internal Rate of Return Method. Retrieved July 30, 2017, from chron: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-internal-rate-return-method-60935.html