Giant Hyena - Facts and Figures

Mammoth Hyena - Facts and Figures Name: Giant Hyena; otherwise called PachycrocutaHabitat: Plains of Africa and EurasiaHistorical Epoch: Late Pliocene-Pleistocene (3 million-500,000 years ago)Size and Weight: Up to three feet high at the shoulder and 400 poundsDiet: MeatDistinguishing Characteristics: Large size; short legs; ground-breaking head and jaws About the Giant Hyena (Pachycrocuta) It appears that each creature on earth came in bigger bundles during the Pliocene and Pleistocene ages, and the Giant Hyena (sort name Pachycrocuta) was no special case. This megafauna warm blooded creature was fundamentally the same as the cutting edge spotted hyena, then again, actually it was around multiple times the size (a few people may have weighed as much as 400 pounds) and all the more stockily worked, with relatively shorter legs. Put something aside for these urgent contrasts, be that as it may, the Giant Hyena sought after an unmistakably hyena-like way of life, taking newly slaughtered prey from other, probably littler, predators and just at times chasing for its food, when conditions requested. Tantalizingly, the fossils of some Pachycrocuta people have been found in indistinguishable Chinese caverns from the cutting edge human progenitor Homo erectus; be that as it may, its obscure if Homo erectus chased the Giant Hyena, if the Giant Hyena chased Homo erectus, or if these two populaces just involved similar caverns at various occasions! ​Ironically, given its monstrous size contrasted with its advanced relative, the Giant Hyena may well have been headed to eradication by the a lot littler spotted hyenawhich would have been extended significantly more agilely over the prairies of Africa and Eurasia and had the option to pursue prey over longer separations (during times when newly killed bodies were slender on the ground). The spotted hyena was likewise better adjusted for the conditions that won toward the finish of the Pleistocene age, soon after the last Ice Age, when the majority of the universes monster warm blooded animals went wiped out for absence of accessible food.

Hannibal Essays - Barcids, Roman Censors, Hannibal, Marching

Hannibal Essays - Barcids, Roman Censors, Hannibal, Marching Hannibal Since his fleeting life and deplorable passing, Hannibal Barca goes over the hundreds of years as the military officer with hardly any equivalents. A brave head, splendid strategist, and unfaltering officer in the administration of his cherished Carthage, Hannibal existed for one sole reason: to overcome and, if conceivable, to dispense with the intensity of Rome(Livy p.207). Hannibals fate was at that point picked for him before his own introduction to the world. The main thing that couldnt have been predicted was the result of his battles. His dad Hamilcar Barca, another intrepid administrator from Carthage, was in control during the primary Punic War. Hannibal was taken to Spain at the youthful period of just nine. There he had to swear antagonistic vibe toward Rome. From his dads demise to his own passing Hannibal was continually engaged with a battle among Carthage and Rome. Hannibal was set in the military when his dad felt he was mature enough to begin his lively preparing. He figured out how to deal with arms as capably as any fighter does, and he never requested that his troopers accomplish something that he himself couldn't do. In 221 BC, Hasdrubal was killed, and Hamilcar kicked the bucket fighting in 229 BC. The youthful Hannibal was provided his first order, at the age of twenty-six. Hannibal was presently the president, and the Carthaginian government endorsed his position. He was a splendid popular pioneer structure the beginning. The veterans believed that in Hannibal, Hamilcar had come back to life. They noticed a similar vitality in Hannibals face, a similar sharp look. He was totally dauntless in going into potential harm, reasonable when it was close by. No measure of work exhausted him, genuinely or intellectually. He suffered warmth and cold well indeed. What time stayed over when his assignments were done he provided for rest. Commonly the warriors saw him lying on the ground in the midst of the stations and the watchmen, enclosed by a military cloak(Miller et al Livy p.41). Prior to the passing of Hasdrubal, Carthage had arranged a settlement with Rome to set up a line of Demarcation on the Ebro River. This arrangement prompted Hannibals first military activity. Saguntum, which was found well south of the line, turned into the focal point of Roman desire. Saguntums pioneers started assaulting close by Cartheginian partners and ousting supporters. The city of Saguntum was well inside the Carthaginian impact, yet the Romans requested that Carthage not make a move at Sanguntum. Hannibal overlooked Roman requests and chose to make a move on the city. Hannibal sorted out his militaries and tossed an attack on Saguntum. The city was incredibly diminished and Hannibal started his astonishing outing over the Alps. As indicated by H.L. Oerter of Miami University, Hannibals venture, including 40 elephants, over and through the Alps into Italy has never been denied. In any case, there has been no summed up concession to the course that he followed. It is realized that two Greek researchers went with Hannibals powers, yet their records have never been found. A Roman armed force under the order of General Publius Cornelius Scipio was sent to meet and discard Hannibal, yet neglected to run over the extraordinary pioneer. Scipio did at long last meet Hannibal at the Ticinus River. The gathering was inadvertent. Powers from the two sides met, and the Carthaginians came out of the fight triumphant. Scipio was severely injured and almost lost his life. The Romans withdrew to Placentia, where Longus would strengthen them. Battling on the left bank of the Trebia River the Romans were again adequately vanquished. Hannibal progressed to the Arno River by spring. In 217 BC, Hannibal proceeded onward to Perugia and constrained the Roman Flaminius into open battle, at the clash of Lake Trasimene. The Carthaginians almost demolished Flaminius, executing thousands and driving others to suffocate in the lake. Rome sent fortifications to Flaminius yet Carthage captured and annihilated them too. That equivalent year Rome chose Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctators despot who embraced the Fabian strategy of deferral. This strategy just permitted little engagements between the two armed forces. In 216, Hannibal made his move south and held onto the military flexibly terminal at Cannae on the Aufidus River. Here, in August, The Battle of Cannae was battled. While the Guals and Iberian infantry of Hannibals focus line yielded before the

How a Drunk Driving Conviction Affects Your Insurance

How a Drunk Driving Conviction Affects Your Insurance Addiction Alcohol Use Drunk Driving Print How a Drunk Driving Conviction Affects Your Insurance You Will Probably Need SR-22 Insurance By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on May 08, 2018 Doug Menuez Collection / Stockbyte / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Drunk Driving Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery If you are convicted of drunk driving, in most states your automobile insurance rates are likely going to go up for at least three years and you will probably be learning at lot about something called SR-22. Whether your state calls it driving under the influence, driving while intoxicated or operating a vehicle while intoxicated if you are convicted of any of those offenses, chances are your insurance rates will increase before you are allowed to drive again. SR22 Insurance Laws Vary by State The penalties regarding drunk driving vary from state to state, but in every state, if you are convicted of impaired driving, your drivers privileges will be suspended for at least 30 days to one year, even on the first offense. In most states, to get your drivers license and privileges back, you will have to provide the licensing agency with an SR-22 form, which proves that you have motor vehicle liability insurance. Under SR-22 laws, the insurance company is required to notify the licensing agency, usually the department of motor vehicles, if the policy is canceled, terminated or lapses. Your Insurance Premiums Could Triple When you go to your auto insurance agency to get an SR-22 form, your company will consider you a high-risk driver and increase your insurance premiums. This is especially true if you were previously in a preferred class or received safe-driver discounts. If you are convicted of drunk driving, your auto insurance premiums can double, and in some states, even triple. You may want to shop around; some companies specialize in high-risk policies. Not All Companies Offer SR-22 Policies Some insurance companies do not offer SR-22 insurance policies. If you are convicted of drunk driving and your company does not offer SR-22, the company will cancel or not renew your current policy. You will have to find another company that does offer SR-22 and when you do, you can count on your rates being higher because then you would also have a cancellation on your claims history. Some states have laws that prohibit insurance companies from canceling policies before the term expires, even if you are convicted of a drunk driving charge. Check the laws  in your state. How Long Will Your Rates Increase? Again, laws vary from state to state, but generally, a drunk driving conviction will affect your insurance status for at least three years in most states for a first offense. For subsequent convictions, the length of time is much longer. Many states now have drunk driving laws that provide enhanced penalties for special circumstances, such as if someone was injured, if a child was in the vehicle, if your blood alcohol concentration exceeded a certain level or if you were under the age of 21 at the time of your arrest. For example, in all 50 states, a blood alcohol concentration of .08 is the level considered legally intoxicated. But in 40 states, penalties for a DUI conviction are doubled if the driver registers a high BAC level (usually over .15 or .20). How Can You Avoid Increase Rates? Increased rates for auto insurance only come into play if you want your drivers privileges restored. You can avoid those extra costs by walking or taking public transportation. A few states still allow the operation of mopeds without a license. Even if you do not personally own a vehicle, but wish to have your driving privileges restored after a DUI conviction, you still must provide an SR-22 form by buying a non-owner policy. In other words, you will have to buy insurance for a car that you do not even own. The best way to avoid increased insurance premiums is simple. Dont get behind the wheel while intoxicated. Use a designated driver. Call a taxi. Its much cheaper in the long run.

The rapid epidemic of divorce in the United States within...

The rapid epidemic of divorce in the United States within the last 20 years has affected more than one half of the families in the United States. In the past, we have viewed divorce as a short term crisis and not as a longitudinal view of the effects divorce might bring. Divorce does affect children. However, it is not the divorce that is the problem; it is the ongoing conflict between the parents and the child’s coping mechanisms in their own stages of development. Counseling, family therapy, and also having a divorce mediation are all successful ways of coping with the family. Keywords: divorce, children, boys, girls Many studies have shown that children from preschool-to older school aged†¦show more content†¦A preschooler’s reaction to and ability to understand their parents’ divorce will be very different from that of an adolescent. A child’s perception and beliefs will change over time due to their cognitive maturity and growing relationship with their parents. Preschoolers tend to be emotional needy, and have fears of abandonment, as well as display act out behavior. They act up, cling, and tend to have temper outbursts. Preschoolers usually have a security object such as a blanket that they need to carry around, they can even begin to wet the bed during sleep times. It is much harder from preschoolers to adjust all around as well as have the most difficulty with visit changes. Children between the ages of 6-8 tend to have fantasies of their parents reconciling. They continuously force their parents to interact in any way possible. They tend to want to fix their parents problems, usually taking the blame for their parent’s divorces or disagreements. Child often during these ages have conflicting ideas of loyalty and whose side they should choose during a conflict. Which is why psychologists stress the importance of a no conflict environment to make it easier for the child in these developmental stages. Children during this stage of development tend to have the most grief over not have the other parent living with them. They tend to craveShow MoreRelatedFilariasis, Malaria, Dengue Fever and Lyme Disease3361 Words   |  14 Pagesprominent discoverers, Wucherer and Bancroft. Filariasis is extremely rare in Western world, but it is an endemic in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and South America with over 120 million of people has been infected with it. The primary cause the disease to took place is more likely due to rapid growth of developing nation, which creates numerous breeding sites for mosquitoes, and other vectors and permit ‘them’ to transmit the disease. Over one-third of people who are diagnosed with disease,Read MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pagestransmission is affected. * Kidney increases excretion of water. * Speech becomes slurred. HOW CAN YOU TELL IF SOMEONE IS AN ALCOHOLIC? 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Illegal Substance Abuse And Addiction - 1196 Words

Illegal substance abuse and addiction can have far-reaching negative impacts that affect not only the people who abuse drugs but also their friends, family members, the community, and government resources. Substance abuse can lead to domestic violence, child abuse, suicide, crime, automobile accidents, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, and unwanted pregnancy. A particular area of concern of drug use and abuse is the impact of methamphetamine (meth) labs on public safety and the environment. The production of methamphetamine involves the use of anhydrous ammonia, hydriodic acid, and iodine. These chemicals are extremely dangerous when ingested or inhaled. Many times, meth labs are located in apartment buildings and houses, putting neighboring residents at severe health risk (The Impact of Drugs on Society - National Drug Threat Assessment 2006). Emergency responders, law enforcement officers and people who live in the area are also at risk of death or injury due to methamphetamine production. Another area of concern how drug abuse impacts businesses. An employee involved in drug use can potentially jeopardize the economic success of the organization. For instance, employees who abuse drugs sometimes steal supplies, equipment, or money that can be used or sold to obtain drugs. Other impacts include decreased productivity, increased time away from work, and more frequent use of insurance and medical benefits. Also, an employee operating equipment or a transportShow MoreRelatedWho Gets Addicted And How?1174 Words   |  5 Pagesphysician specializes in addiction. 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Welfare Of Parkinsons Disease Sufferers Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(180) " research projected undertaken by the National Institute of Health, three households of Grecian and Italian beginnings which suffered from Parkinson ‘s disease were studied\." Parkinson ‘s disease is a common disease confronting many older people across the universe. It affects the cardinal nervous system and it impairs cognitive procedures, motor accomplishments and other maps. This disease largely affects the older coevals and it manifests itself with symptoms which include rigidness, shudder, postural instability, awkwardness in motion and others. We will write a custom essay sample on Welfare Of Parkinsons Disease Sufferers Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other symptoms include sleep troubles, centripetal and autonomic disfunction. Parkinson ‘s disease has a high prevalence rate among older people with about 500,000 people enduring from the disease in the United States. In add-on, there are about 1 million people who suffer from the disease but they have non been diagnosed yet ( Oxtoby et. al. , 2004 ) . This makes Parkinson ‘s disease a serious unwellness which requires pressing intercessions by society. Parkinson ‘s disease adversely affects the day-to-day life of people enduring from it since it affects their cognitive procedures or motor accomplishments. This makes most patients rely on household and friends for endurance. As a consequence, there are assorted plans which have been developed to provide for people enduring from the unwellness. This paper aims at analysing Parkinson ‘s disease including statistics and effects on patients. Assorted plans which cater for patients enduring from the disease will be discussed and farther intercessions needed to cut down inauspicious effects on society recommended. The discussed issues will be summarized at the terminal. Statisticss, causality and intervention It has been stated that there are 500,000 people enduring from Parkinson ‘s disease in the United States and a farther 1 million who have the disease but who have non been diagnosed yet. The disease kills an norm of 14,000 people yearly in the US. In the UK, about 1 % of hospital audiences are for Parkinson ‘s disease and the average age of patients diagnosed with the disease is 65. Globally, it is estimated that about 10 million suffer from the disease although there are few statistics on Parkinson ‘s disease. The cause of the disease is non known although it has been linked with genetic sciences in some instances. It has besides been linked to exposure to some insect powders. Parkinson ‘s is normally diagnosed by a combination of methods. It is hard to name the disease utilizing pathological agencies and clinical trials are normally used in naming Parkinson ‘s. Neuro-imaging is besides another effectual manner of naming the upset. The disease is normal ly treated utilizing medicine although at some phases complications may happen as a consequence of trust on medicine. Treatment techniques include the usage of MAO-B inhibitors, Dopastat agonists and L-dopa. Rehabilitation and diet have besides been seen to assist in alleviating symptoms. In utmost instances, encephalon stimulation and surgery is used to alleviate symptoms of the disease. Psycho-social challenges confronting affected patients There are many challenges which patients who suffer from Parkinson ‘s face. Since the disease impairs cognitive procedures, motor accomplishments and other maps, it makes twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activities hard to execute. Acts which many people take for granted such as speaking, walking, bathing, bathroom control, memory and others, may all of a sudden turn out disputing for Parkinson ‘s patients to execute. This may do them societal loads who require round the clock attending from their households or wellness attention practicians. Many patients particularly those who are hapless or marginalized are normally unable to entree such attention and they are left to endure on their ain. However, there are assorted groups and undertakings which are developed to provide for patients who can non entree effectual attention. Patients enduring from symptoms of the disease may besides be unable to keep nice employment chances due to hapless cognitive and motor accompl ishments as a consequence of the disease. Inability to keep employment makes such patients dependent on others. Patients who do non hold household and friends who may care for them normally do non hold entree to basic demands including wellness attention due to miss of employment. However, these excessively can profit from several plans which have been created to provide for patients enduring from the disease across the US. Another psycho-social challenge confronting many Parkinson ‘s patients is deficiency of entree to effectual wellness attention services. Many patients do non hold support from household and friends and they besides do non hold employment chances. As a consequence, they are unable to afford wellness attention insurance to pull off their status and this worsens their symptoms ( Grimes, 2004 ) . If the disease is left untreated for a long clip, such patients are exposed to human death. This may explicate the high figure of people who succumb to Parkinson ‘s disease which can be managed through intervention. In add-on, there is a high degree of psychological agony particularly for patients in the late phase of the unwellness. Such patients suffer from altered relationships, low ego regard, loss of liberty, societal isolation among other effects. These have an inauspicious consequence on mental wellness and they may take to the development of other mental unwellnesss such as p sychosis. It is hence of indispensable importance that a remedy is found for the unwellness. This may merely be achieved through research. Research undertakings on Parkinson ‘s disease There are assorted researches which have been conducted in order to understand the most effectual manner to name and handle the disease. In a research by Columbia University, 100 people of who half suffered from Parkinson ‘s disease were studied for Dopastat degrees. The healthy population acted as the control group during research. The research findings showed that people enduring from Parkinson ‘s disease lose up to 70 % of Dopastat in the encephalon ( National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2011 ) . This determination was of import since it enabled scientists to develop new ways of naming the disease. They used PET imaging to mensurate Dopastat degrees and find if one suffers from Parkinson ‘s disease. Stimulation of these patients besides recorded improved motor working which is provides a footing for handling Parkinson ‘s patients. In another research projected undertaken by the National Institute of Health, three households of Grecian and Italian beginnings which suffered from Parkinson ‘s disease were studied. You read "Welfare Of Parkinsons Disease Sufferers Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" The scientists aimed at happening out if genetic sciences is a causality of Parkinson ‘s disease. The research findings showed that in all households, there was a mutant of the cistron alpha-synuclein. This determination proved to be of import since it linked genetic sciences to the development of Parkinson ‘s disease. It besides encouraged scientists to further analyze the function of alpha-synuclein in development of Parkinson ‘s disease. Research findings on the impact of this cistron may organize the footing of developing a remedy for the disease. However, farther research on the disease is necessary in order to develop an effectual remedy. Successful community based plans for Parkinson ‘s disease patients There are assorted successful plans which have been developed to provide for patients enduring from Parkinson ‘s disease. Some of these plans will be briefly discussed below ; American Parkinson ‘s Disease Association This group was founded in 1961 with the aims of easing loads of Parkinson ‘s sick persons and developing a remedy for this unwellness. It has its central offices in New York and the organisation undertakes several enterprises to help in forestalling and handling the disease ( American Parkinson ‘s Disease Association, 2011 ) . It has subdivisions in several provinces and the organisation provides attention to patients across America who suffer from Parkinson ‘s disease. It is chiefly funded by both the authorities and the private sector. This organisation has helped over 1 million patients to day of the month and this figure is bit by bit increasing. The APDA organisation provides financess for research on the disease in attempts to develop remedy. Already, over $ 1 billion has been used in this enterprise to day of the month. The organisation besides provides support for patients who suffer from the upset. It provides medical aid through associating patients with q ualified wellness attention professionals and guaranting that medical costs are paid. This is normally aimed at supplying the hapless and marginalized people with no entree to wellness insurance with an chance to entree high quality intervention. Finally, the APDA organisation strives to educate the populace on the presence of Parkinson ‘s disease in society and how to care for patients enduring from the disease. This is a really of import enterprise since it ensures that patients have moral and physical support from their friends, households and society at big. Columbia Parkinson ‘s Support This organisation was developed to supply information, support, consciousness and instruction on Parkinson ‘s disease. It is run by voluntaries and it is a non-profit group entirely developed to provide for demands of Parkinson ‘s patients. Most of these voluntaries are patients who besides suffer from Parkinson ‘s. The group began runing in 1985 and it has helped over 5,000 Parkinson ‘s patients since so. Its chief aims are back uping patients enduring from Parkinson ‘s through fiscal or medical aid, set abouting research aimed at developing a remedy for the disease and sensitising the populace on the presence of the disease and how to care for patients who suffer from it ( Columbia Parkinson ‘s Support, 2011 ) . The CPS group holds treatments and forums one time a hebdomad in attempts to sensitise the populace on the disease. Although this is a comparatively little group with limited support, the members participate in clinical tests whenever an chance presents itself and this is an of import measure towards developing a remedy for the disease. The group sets aside $ 3,000 yearly for research intents on Parkinson ‘s disease. This group is funded by good wishers and members every bit good as other stakeholders. The local community besides plays a major function in raising financess to back up the cause of the CPS group. Social intercessions which may assist pull off Parkinson ‘s disease There are assorted intercessions which should be applied in order to assist pull off the effects of the disease in society. These intercessions will be briefly discussed below ; Educating populace on the disease Educating the populace on presence of the disease and how to care for patients who suffer from it is one of the most effectual ways of pull offing the disease. Patients who suffer from Parkinson ‘s require support from the household, friends and community at big ( Duvoisin A ; Sage, 2001 ) . Increasing consciousness of the disease amongst the local community enables patients enduring from this disease to hold mental and physical support from society. It besides informs the populace on the symptoms and causes of the disease thereby encouraging cheque ups and early intervention on people enduring from symptoms of the disease. More support for research on Parkinson ‘s disease Although there are many installations which undertake research on Parkinson ‘s disease, most of these plans are under-funded. Many organisations and groups prefer funding research for diseases such as malignant neoplastic disease and diabetes which are viewed as more common and lifelessly. However, Parkinson ‘s disease is besides a serious disease which requires a similar degree of attending. More support should be provided by the authorities and private houses for research on the disease in order to develop an early remedy and salvage 1000000s of lives. Bettering entree to healthcare insurance There are more than 5 million people in the US who do non hold entree to wellness acre insurance. This is due to the high cost of insurance which is beyond their fiscal abilities. There are many people who suffer from Parkinson ‘s disease who fall in this bracket. Such patients are unable to entree medical attention to pull off the disease and this causes farther injury on their mental and physical wellness. Guaranting everyone has entree to wellness insurance is an effectual manner of contending the disease since it will promote early intercession and intervention thereby minimising the effects of the disease on society ( Michele, 2009 ) . Execution of the intercessions In order to efficaciously implement these intercessions, the authorities and private sector should organize a partnership. Partnership between the two would do support for Parkinson ‘s disease research and intervention easier. The community should besides be involved when implementing these intercessions. This is because patients require community support which may either be psychological or physical for their wellness to better. The authorities and local governments should guarantee that everyone has entree to wellness attention by cut downing wellness insurance costs and increasing support of wellness attention. This will guarantee that Parkinson ‘s disease is diagnosed and treated early for the bulk of patients. Summary and decision Assorted facets of Parkinson ‘s disease have been discussed in item. Parkinson ‘s is a common disease in the US and across the universe although it is mostly unmarked. Its cause is unknown and it has no remedy. Over 500,000 people have been diagnosed with Parkinson ‘s in the US and 1 million others have the disease but have non been diagnosed. The disease affects patients physically, mentally and socially since it affects cognitive procedures, motor accomplishments and other maps, doing twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activities hard to execute. Patients who have been diagnosed with Parkinson ‘s disease suffer from psycho-social jobs such as inability to keep nice employment chances, deficiency of entree to effectual wellness attention services and psychological agony particularly for patients in the late phase of the unwellness. Assorted groups such as Columbia Parkinson ‘s Support and American Parkinson ‘s Disease Association contribute to bettering the public assistance of patients through increasing consciousness of the disease, funding research on the unwellness and supplying medical and fiscal aid to patients. In order to pull off the unwellness, assorted intercessions should be implemented and these include educating populace on the disease, apportioning more support for research on Parkinson ‘s disease and bettering entree to healthcare insurance by patients. This will guarantee that early diagnosing and intervention of the disease is achieved and that fewer people succumb to the effects of the disease. However, farther research is needed to develop a remedy for Parkinson ‘s. Developing a remedy for the disease will salvage the lives of future coevalss. How to cite Welfare Of Parkinsons Disease Sufferers Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Seneca Village Essays - Seneca Tribe, Central Park, Seneca Village

Seneca Village When people think of Central Park, the thought of African-Americans once owning the land is inconceivable. Yet, this was the case 150 years ago when there once thrived a place called Seneca Village. The land known as Seneca Village was originally farmland owned by John and Elizabeth Whitehead. Andrew Williams, an African-American male, bought three lots of land from the Whiteheads in 1825. In addition, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church purchased six lots of land, which began the birth of the community. The Whiteheads eventually sold off their land between 82nd to 86th Streets. The majority of the buyers were African Americans. This became the first community for property-owning African Americans . The Seneca Village community started small but grew when it combined with York Hill, a neighboring African-American settlement. The population increased from 100 people in the late 1830s to 264 residents in 1864. The village became popular due to its affordability compared to downtown Manhattan. Seneca was more affordable than lower Manhattan in which it was nearly impossible to own property due to laws and the unwillingness to sell to African Americans. Working class African Americans populated Seneca as an escape from the poor housing that plagued lower Manhattan. The chance of being a part of an indigenous community appealed to most downtown African Americans. The right to vote was important to the people in Seneca Village. Due to the requirements of land ownership, most African Americans were excluded from suffrage. Ten percent of all eligible African American voters came from Seneca. African Americans were not the only residents of Seneca Village. European immigrants began to enter the neighborhood in the 1840s. The potato famine in Ireland sent many Irish immigrants to New York. Thirty percent of the population of Seneca Village was mostly Irish and German. Records show that Europeans and African-Americans in the Village lived in harmony and attended church together and buried their dead in the same cemetery. Spirituality was very important to the residents of Seneca Village. Three churches were built in the Village along with three cemeteries. Not much is known about the first church, the African Union Methodist Church, which is believed to be founded in 1837. It contained a school in its basement, which became the example for the schooling of African-Americans in New York City. The second church, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Branch Militant, an affiliate branch of the AME Zion Church, planted the cornerstone for a church with the capacity to house 100 people. There were also plans to for a school in the basement. The AME Zion Church had burial vaults in their churchyard located in lower Manhattan, but the City Council felt that the burial sites contributed to the rise in yellow fever. The Council granted temporary space in potters field but once it was filled to capacity, the church bought land in Seneca Village for burial use. The Church had at least two large burial sites located south of 86th Street. A new site in Brooklyn, the Cypress Hills Cemetery, was the new site for the church due to a new law that banned all burials below 86th Street. The third church, the All Angels Church, was built on land donated by a couple of women. The membership of the church was approximately one-third European and the rest African-American. Records from the church indicate that many people died of a cholera epidemic that occurred between 1848 and 1850. Once the law that limited burials south of 86thStreet was enacted, the congregation moved their burials to St. Michaels cemetery in Astoria, Queens. Acquiring additional burial sites for their deceased in other areas of New York was a barometer of the remarkable increase in landowners, as well as residents, of Seneca Village. Racial tension appeared to be non-existent. The Village was a peaceful community and provided a higher level of living with the churches and schools being their main foundations. However, this prosperous community was desecrated by the power brokers of New York in order to build Central Park. Upon return from European grand tour, a wealthy merchant, Robert Minturn, brought back the idea of building a monumental park that would rival the parks of Europe. He had the support of many

Absolute Beginner English Basic Adjectives

Absolute Beginner English Basic Adjectives When absolute beginner students are able to identify a number of basic objects, that is a good time to introduce some basic adjectives to describe those objects. You will need to have some illustrations of similar objects that look slightly different. Its helpful to have them mounted on the same size of cardstock and have them big enough to show to everyone in the classroom. For Part III of this lesson, you will want to have, at minimum, one image per student. Preparation Prepare the lesson by writing a number of adjectives on the board. Use adjectives that are paired in opposites, such as the following: beautiful- uglyold- newhot- coldold- youngbig- smallcheap- expensivethick- thinempty- full Notice that you should use adjectives that describe the outward appearance of things because students have learned only basic everyday object vocabulary prior to this. Part I: Introducing Adjectives Teacher: (Take two illustrations that show similar things in different states.) This is an old car. This is a new car. Teacher: (Take two illustrations that show similar things in different states.) This is an empty glass. This is a full glass. Continue pointing out the differences between the various things. Part II: Getting Students to Describe Illustrations After you feel comfortable that students are familiar with these new adjectives, begin to ask students questions. Stress that students should answer in complete sentences.   Teacher: What is this? Student(s): That is an old house. Teacher: What is this? Student(s): That is a cheap shirt. Continue choosing between the various objects. Besides the traditional  calling on individual students for answers, you can also make a circle game out of this activity. Turn  over the images onto a table and have students each choose one from the pile (or hand them out facedown).  Then each student flips over the image and describes it. After each student has had a turn, mix up the images and have everyone draw again. Part III: Students Ask Questions For this circle game, hand out the various images to the students. The first student, student A, asks the student to his/her left, student B, about the image. Student B responds and then asks the student to his/her left, student C, about Bs image, and so on around the room. For additional practice, reverse the circle so that every student gets to ask and respond about two images. If it will take too long to go around a circle because of the class size, have students pair off and discuss their images. They can then switch pairs with people near them or trade images. Teacher: (Student A name), ask (student B name) a question. Student A: Is this a new hat? OR What is this? Student B: Yes, that is a new hat. OR No, that isnt a new hat. It is an old hat. Questions continue around the room. Part III: Alternative If you want to create a mingle with this activity, deal an image to each student, facedown. Students cannot show anyone their image and instead need to find the opposite of the one they have, like an interactive Go-Fish game. If you have an odd number of students, include yourself in the mingle. Alternates are listed in case students have not had do or where yet.  For  example: Student A: Do you have an old house? OR Where is the old house? OR Are you the old house? I have the new house OR I am the new house.   Student B: I have an expensive bag. I am not the old house.

Effective Reading Strategies For Textbooks

Effective Reading Strategies For Textbooks    Newsflash: Your teacher doesn’t care if you read the whole chapter. I know that this sounds like a lie that teachers use to make sure you fail in school and life in general, but I am not kidding. At all. In fact, if youre using effective reading strategies, youre not going to read every single word. You dont really have to. Do you know what your teacher wants, more than anything? For you to learn the material youre supposed to know, and if you use the following effective reading tips for textbooks, youll be sure to do that. Read to learn; dont just read to read. There is absolutely no guilt if you skip around as long as you understand what youre supposed to.   Effective Reading Strategies Involve Less Actual Reading The best way to spend your study hour when you get an assignment to read a chapter is to devote as little time as is humanly possible to actually putting your eyes across the words on the page and as much time as is humanly possible doing these things: Testing yourself on the contentOrganizing the contentReviewing the contentRelating new concepts in the book to ones you already knowIdentifying and memorizing technical terms, formulas, and vocabularyApplying the concepts in the textbook to real-world situations In other words, spend your time learning, not just hacking through the words on the page until they blur into a giant mass of indecipherable grayish figures. Effective Reading Strategies For Learning a Chapter As I said before, your teacher doesnt care if you read the whole chapter. He or she does care if you know the material. And you should, too. Heres how to minimize your reading and maximize your learning when you read a textbook. Just PEEK, ASK, ANSWER and QUIZ. Peek. Effective reading starts with dedicating the first part of your reading time to peeking through the chapter - look at chapter headings, view pictures, read the intro and conclusion, and browse through the study questions at the end. Get a feel for what you need to know.Ask Questions. On a sheet of paper, transform your chapter headings into questions, leaving spaces underneath. Change â€Å"Early Romantic Poets† into â€Å"Who were the Early Romantic Poets?† Change â€Å"The Lithograph† into â€Å"What THE HECK is The Lithograph?† And on and on. Do this for every heading and subheading. Seems like a waste of precious time. I assure you, it is not.Answer Questions. Read through the chapter to answer the questions you just created. Put the answers in your own words underneath the questions you’ve written on your paper. Paraphrasing what the book says is imperative because youll remember your own words much better than someone elses.Quiz. When yo u’ve found the answers to all of the questions, read back through your notes with the answers covered to see if you can answer the questions from memory. If not, reread your notes until you can. Effective Reading Summary If you practice these effective reading strategies, your test/quiz/and exam study time will decrease DRAMATICALLY because you will have learned the material as you go instead of cramming for your test right before exam time: Sample Reading Comprehension QuestionsLearn Those Facts With Mnemonic DevicesHow to Study For Any Test

How the sector matrix framework is useful for analyzing demand and Essay

How the sector matrix framework is useful for analyzing demand and supply in an industry - Essay Example A strategic management system is one that maintains good follow up on matters in the firm over time. It is important that management strategies be consistent and systematic (Ansoff 1979). According to Porter (1985), a firm’s competitive advantage is achieved by quality development of differentiation and leadership in the chain of that firm. Porter classifies these chain activities into two groups; the primary and the support activities. Primary activities are activities such as marketing and sales, inbound-outbound logistics, and service. Inbound logistics receive actual raw material during the beginning of the production process. Operations comprises of physical activities of processing raw materials. Outbound logistics involve storage of produced goods while marketing and sales refers to the actual and physical processes of sale of goods and marketing. Services relate to activities that follow after sale to customers. Support activities include technology advancement, firm infrastructure and management of human resource. Primary systems are aided by firm infrastructure which consists of the company’s culture and its systems of control. The human resource management engages in activities like hiring, firing and training staff. Technology advancement factors are useful support to activities during work process and procurement such as purchasing and obtaining material. Primary activities are those activities directly and physically involved in the production process while support activities comprises of those processes indirectly and not physically involved in production and sale of products created. Furthermore, Porter argued that support activity provides an anchor on speci fic primary activities while firm infrastructure support the entire line as a whole. Sector matrix is a long known phenomenon. Since organization of production processes was challenged, it has been a topic of debate. The challenges began after Porter. When observations made by scholars of management like Geffen came up with the commodity value chains. Value chains are further argued against the sector matrix Froud et al (1998). Maiden arguments made concern overall effect of a single factor such as firm infrastructure on the cause of competitive advantage. It is argued that competitive advantage is an aspect of many activities incorporated together to gain the firm a general step ahead. This argument led to value adding effect of more than one activity being achieved in production, marketing and delivery of products. Sector matrix system is developed especially for complex management structures. Though a popular system that is established effectively in many organizations, the matri x has its limitations. Sector matrix is a system of management with a number of managers in different departments who report to one overall manager. The strategy is excellent in some large firms. It is however yet to be adopted by other companies that follow trend and wish to use it. Sector matrix framework has been an issue of trying and making mistakes. It has created such downfalls and rising cycles for companies trying to incorporate it for the very first time. Sector matrix in general is only efficient in the long run. Some of the challenges faced by organizations with or trying to adopt the matrix include; decision process complications. These could be lengthy since major decisions have to involve departments while it could just be

Describe at least 5 scenes of the movie Rossie the Riveter Review - 1

Describe at least 5 scenes of the Rossie the Riveter - Movie Review Example Howard Miller. The Rockwell image seems to have a great deal more depth than the image created by Miller. It was proposed that this is not the tidy image that most people have in their mind when they think of Rosie. This ‘Rosie’ is quite dirty, with big strong arms, a leather bracelet, she wears overalls which are not common on women at this time, she carries a big riveting gun, se is wearing both welding goggles and a welding mask, she is defiantly standing on a copy of ‘Mein Kampf’ and she is hauling a metal lunchbox (Popular with men). However what is interesting is that this image that is considered masculine can also be considered quite feminine, because she is wearing makeup (Rouge, finger nail polish, lipstick etc.) and she is carrying her makeup and a handkerchief in her pocket, this ‘Rosie’ has her hair neatly pulled back, she is wearing women’s shoes, and she is eating a sandwich in a delicate manner. But what is most important from this image is that she is a worker, evidenced by her many badges (Security badge, blood donor badge etc.) Indicating that she really is an important part of the war effort. The next scene that will be discussed is in relation to determining who the ‘real’ Rosie the Riveters are. Many people have noted that there are indeed many actual World War II women that were real female defense workers named ‘Rosie’. The big changes that brought them into war work occurred in 1942 when more American men began to get drafted and many industries switched to war production. It was at this time that many companies started to recruit women as it was not possible for them to be drafted. What comes next is a description of the three main groups of women that were recruited to work in factories. The first were women already working who switched to higher paying defense jobs (Leaving traditional jobs to the point that more than six hundred laundries were closed). The

Examining The Friendship Of A Single Soul English Literature Essay

Examining The Friendship Of A Single Soul English Literature Essay To the query, what is a friend? Aristotles response was a single soul dwelling in two bodies.' These friends are the ones who most likely know us better than we know ourselves, and whose names are forever branded on our heart (Parrott Parrott, 1998). Consider for a moment, which of these people are in your life; your friendship with them didnt happen in the blink of an eye. Over time we gradually begin to let these people see who we really are, and our friendship begins to grow into something memorable. Friends are what have enriched my life. Oh, I have loved my family, but its not the same. Friends have brought me more of the world; theyve added spice and variety (Apter Josselson, 1998). We are born into our family, but one amazing thing about our life is that we have the ability to choose our friends. There are some common characteristics that span across all types of friendships: rules shape the friendship, can last a lifetime and typically consist of people in the same age rang e (Floyd, 2009). How are cross-sex friendships similar to same-sex friendships? How are they different? Using major motion pictures that depict this remarkable bond between friends, we realize the qualities these friendships possess that make them similar and yet how different they really are. Similarities Notice that when Aristotle was asked, what is a friend? he didnt respond a single soul dwelling in two female bodies, or two male bodies, or even a male and a female body, its a single soul in two bodies. Friendship has no limits; there is no rule that says we can or cannot have friends of the same or opposite sex. Regardless of how many friends we have, same-sex or cross-sex, they all share the same purpose. Each and every relationship provides comfort during difficult times, outlets for expression of fear, feelings and fantasies, companionship, acceptance, and greater self-knowledge (Monsour, 2002). In the movie The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, Bridget, Tibby, Lena, and Carmen define friendship as it occurs between girls/women. We were there for the things we couldnt face alone, or the ones we didnt want to face at all. Together, it was as if we formed one single, complete person (Ephron Brashares, 2005). Despite the obstacles that the girls face, their love and support for each other keeps their friendship strong. We know now that no matter how far we traveled on our own separate paths, somehow we would always find our way back to each other; and with that, we could get through anything. To us, who we were, who we are, and who well be. To the sisterhood, this moment, and the rest of our lives together and apart (Ephron Brashares, 2005). Although the girls have their own obstacles to deal with, they overcome them individually because of the unique bond that is their friendship. Likewise, the movie 8 Seconds tells the incredible true story of World Champion Bull Rider Lane Frost. The film not only documents Lanes rise to fame, but also displays Lanes friendship with fellow bull riders, Tuff Hedeman and Cody Lambert. Some people believe that men are incapable of having intimate friendships like women with other men (Derlega, 1992). Floyd (2009) states that equal levels of closeness are apparent in same-sex friendships regardless of sex. While doing an interview with George Michael, Lane says this about friend and fellow rider, Tuff Hedeman: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦me and my traveling partner Tuff Hedeman have been trading places all year. Sometimes hes in first, next week Im in first. If he wins, Ill be so happy for him, Ill forget about myself losing (Merrick, 1994). Lane, Tuff, and Cody arent just traveling buddies; they support each other no matter what, despite the fact that they compete against each other. After Lanes tragic death in 1989, Tuff realized how much Lane believed in him, and how amazing the friendship truly was. Back in the spring, Lane said, this is your year. that Id win the championship; [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] now its only a week away and I really think that I got a chance. I never had anybody believe that much in me (Merrick, 1994). Tuff Hedeman won the World Championship that year, just as Lane had predicted, and Tuff rode an extra eight seconds in memory of Lane. Harry Burns and Sally Albright are two iconic best friends. Harry: The first time we met, we hated each other [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the third time we met, we became friends. Sally: We were friends for a long time (Ephron N. , 1989). Can men and women be friends, without sex getting in the way? This question was presented in the 1989 movie, When Harry Met Sally. Despite the fact that Harry and Sally end up together at the conclusion of the film, the friendship they have is more than that of any ordinary couple involved in a sexual relationship. Making a cross-gender relationship work does not solely depend on recognizing our differences. Its a matter of appreciating those differences as well (Parrott Parrott, 1998). Harry and Sally have a friendship very similar to what two women or two men might have; they are each others confidantes, support systems, and are committed to making their friendship work. After looking at three different films depicting friendships, the similarities between same-sex (female), same-sex (male), and cross-sex friendships become apparent. The social support given by same-sex friends can also be observed in cross-sex friendships (Monsour, 2002). Samuel Taylor Coleridge said, friendship is a sheltering tree, regardless of sex, it is obvious that all of these friendships are exactly that; a sheltering tree for everyone involved in the friendship. Differences We cant just look at the similarities between friendships, because lets face it, men and women are very different. The basic rules of friendship are similar, but the way we go about accomplishing them isnt always the same. Migliaccio (2009) says that a mans friendship is more than simply a product of being a man [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the form of intimacy men experience is called closeness in the doing, also known as shared activity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦women and men value different aspects of their respective friendships, women place greater emphasis on conversational and emotional expressiveness, whereas mens friendships focus on shared activities and interests (Floyd, 2009). A stereotypical girls night might consist of dinner, some drinks, and conversations about friends, love, life, and the future. On the other hand, a guys night could be a game of poker or a night at the gym playing a pick-up game of basketball. Within female friendship we satisfy our psychological hunger to explore different thoughts and feelings [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] they build one anothers confidence or tear it down (Apter Josselson, 1998). Despite having to spend the summer away from each other, the girls in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants keep their friendship strong by writing letters to each other as if they were still together. In a letter that Lena writes Carmen, she expresses how afraid she actually is to fall in love. Hes right, Car. I am afraid. Theres a part of me that wants to let him in but then I feel myself put this wall up and I dont understand why. Maybe thats what strikes me most about Kostas: that despite everything hes suffered he can still look at life in the most uncomplicated way. Ive never known that kind of faith. It makes me so sad that people like Kostas and Bridget who have lost everything can still be open to lovewhile I, who have lost nothing, am not. (Ephron Brashares, 2005) Bridget, Tibby, Lena, and Carmen are able to express their emotions, fears, and feelings through a letter and a pair of secondhand jeans. Wear them, theyll make you brave (Ephron Brashares, 2005). The psychological hunger to examine ones ambitions, and emotions is satisfied by female friendships, there is no need to perform femininity such as men perform masculinity in their friendships. A womans friendship inevitably shapes and changes who the woman is (Apter Josselson, 1998). Unlike women, men stereotypically dont share all the intimate details that go on in their lives. As stated earlier, men generally emphasize the activities and interests they share with their friends. Lane Frost, Tuff Hedeman, and Cody Lambert, obviously have a friendship consisting of shared activity. First of all, they compete together in bull riding competitions; and when they arent, they spend their nights out at the bars shooting a game of pool. Although the guys still support each other, the emotional connection that typically is apparent with women is sometimes nonexistent. After a bull steps on Lanes groin, Tuff tells Lane he needs to cowboy up, Ive got two words for you Lane, Cowboy Up (Merrick, 1994). The idea that masculinity is a major part in friendships between two or more men is evident in 8 Seconds. The interaction between male friends is not simply because we are men, but a part of performing masculinity in society (Migliaccio, 2009). Lane, Tuff, and Cody, perform mas culinity by expressing boldness, strength, and resiliency. Its guts and love and glory, one mortals chance at fame. His legacy is rodeo, and cowboy is his name (Merrick, 1994). When Harry met Sally, a life long friendship began. The obvious difference in their friendship was the exact thing Sally denied sex, and eventually love. At the end of the film, Harry races to meet Sally in order to tell her exactly how he feels: I love that you get cold when its 71 degrees out. I love that it takes you an hour and a half to order a sandwich. I love that you get a little crinkle above your nose when youre looking at me like Im nuts. I love that after I spend the day with you, I can still smell your perfume on my clothes. And I love that you are the last person I want to talk to before I go to sleep at night (Ephron N. , 1989). One substantial difference between same-sex friends and cross-sex friends is the possibility for two cross-sex friends to fall in love. Another is that cross-sex friends are able to encourage the opposite sex friend to engage in opportunities that are usually associated with the opposed gender; such as men engaging in emotional expressions and women participating in shared activity (Floyd, 2009). Conclusion Quoting Frederick Buechner, Friends are people you make part of your life just because you feel like it. Basically your friends are not your friends for any particular reason. They are your friends for no particular reason. No one has the power to choose our friends except us, therefore it doesnt matter what sex our friends are. After viewing three movies where different types of friendships are exhibited, the similarities and differences between each type of friendship is very distinct. These distinct qualities that make our friendships alike or not, have the power to change the roles of our friends. Who are your best friends? Does it matter what their sex is?

Antoni Gaudi – Essay

Antoni Gaudi One of Spain’s most internationally recognized architects, Antonio Gaudi has left his mark throughout Barcelona and Catalonia. His whimsical vision and imaginative designs have brought a bit of magic to this historic region. Gaudi? s culmination of traditional elements with fanciful ornamentation and brilliant technical solutions paved the way for future architects to step outside the box. Born in Reus, Catalonia in 1852, Gaudi was the first in over four generations to leave the family tradition of metal working. As a child, Antonio never excelled in school. He suffered from arthritis, which kept his attendance low, and preferred to spend his time observing plants and animals, as well as studying forms in nature, which would eventually be so prominent in his designs. It was also during his early years studying with the Escolapius Fathers that Gaudi recognized the â€Å"value of the divine history of the salvation of man through Christ incarnate, given to the world by the Virgin Mary. † He later incorporated such beliefs into his greatest work, The Sagrada Familia. Around 1870 Gaudi moved to Barcelona to study architecture at the Provincial School of Architecture. His grades were again less than superior. However, the young student did earn special recognition in the areas of Trial Drawings and Projects, which allowed him to put his outlandish ideas to use. His professor proclaimed that what had been produced in these two courses was either the work of an insane man or a genius. In 1878 Antoni Gaudi was one of only four students to be granted the title of Architect by the school? s director. At a time of cultural and political renaissance in Europe, Gaudi looked to many sources of inspiration for his work. Medieval books, Gothic art, Oriental structures, the Art Nouveau movement, and, of course, the glory of nature, strongly influenced his designs. His deep love of music, as well as his interest in writers such as John Ruskin, who said that â€Å"ornament is the origin of architecture,† also played a roll in the development of Gaudi? s unmistakable style. After graduating, Gaudi found comfort in the flourishing city life of turn-of-the century Barcelona. Numerous doors were opened for him among the bourgeoisie, artists, and intellectuals of the time. The young architect had a reputation for dressing in the latest fashion, and surrounding himself by high society. However, Gaudi never forgot his working-class roots. His first major project as a professional architect was workers? housing in a factory, the Coopertiva Mataronese, which was intended to improve the workers? quality of life. Gaudi presented his design at the Paris World Fair in 1878. It was there that he met Eusebi Guell, the man who would become one of the artist’s closest friends and most loyal patrons. In the following years, with rapidly growing interest in his work, Gaudi took on many important projects. Among them was the house built for the wealthy ceramic manufacturer, Manuel Vicens, as well as â€Å"El Capricho,† a villa for the brother-in-law of the Marquee of Comillas. Soon after, Gaudi began designing a palace for his good friend Guell (Palau Guell), and then later the two collaborated on Park Guell, which was intended to be a garden city. Gaudi, however, is most recognized for his work on â€Å"La Sagrada Familia,† a twentieth century cathedral in Barcelona. Gaudi took over the project in 1884 after a disagreement between a member of the Temple Council and the original project manager, Fracisco de Paula del Villar (Gaudi’s former professor), over materials. Antonio Gaudi was a mere 31 years of age when he officially gained control over the building. The architect devoted the next forty-two years of his life to its construction, until his sudden death at age 74 in 1926.

Athletic Shoes Industry - 4589 Words

Athletic Shoes Industry Strategy Comparison Report of Nike, Inc. and Adidas AG wei 4/30/2010 ABSTRACT This report is an analysis of the athletic shoes industry on both a global and U.S. market. This report is to analyze the external and internal issues facing this athletic shoes industry, and the companies that operate within it. This analysis includes a comparison of Nike, Inc. and Adidas AG who are footwear manufacturers in the world. However, Nike spent thirty years developing from the challenger position change to the challenged from Adidas. Rivalry among business firms grew more intense as the economy develops. This report will compare competitive advantages and distinctive competencies between two companies, and conclude†¦show more content†¦However, these countries also build their own athletic shoes brands to join to this big market. These athletic shoes companies have the cost advantage for basic need and these countries customer don’t have high consumption power. The local brand athletic shoes at low price are the best choice for them. Growth of industry The footwear industry includes the athletic shoes and non-athletic shoes. From 2004 to 2008, the athletic shoes market shares about 44% and keeps growing every year. (See Table 1) United States has more than twenty billions of dollars of athletic shoes market. Also global market has more than eighty billions of dollars. (See Figure 1) From 2003 to 2005, Athletic shoes market size-growth rate decreased from 12% to 6% in the global market. Furthermore in 2007, athletic shoes sales just had 2% increases from 2006. However, the athletic footwear market declined 3.2% in 2008 and dropped by 1.4% in 2009 in the U.S. market. The reason is the bad global economic environment happened at that time. Insert Figure 1 here Athletic shoes industry is highly competitive and has low growth rate in the U.S market. However, has been forecasted, the U.S and global athletic shoes markets will increase after 2009. (See Figure 1) The table shows that athletic shoes industry has 44% market share in all footwear market and keeps the low growth rate in every single year from 2009. In the U.S. market, the compound average growth rate (CAGR) (SeeShow MoreRelatedRyka, Inc.: Lightweight Athletic Shoes for Women995 Words   |  4 Pages( Ryka, INC.: Lightweight Athletic Shoes for Women Business and Industry Analysis ) Ryka is doing business of athletic shoes for women, which are made on the shape of a woman’s foot, and are designed and developed considering women’s unique fit needs. It is the only athletic footwear company, which is exclusively for women, by women, and now supporting women. 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