Intangible Justice is in the Soul Essay - 1352 Words

Intangible Justice is in the Soul Plato’s Republic, although officially divided into ten books, can be separated into two very distinct sections. The first section, roughly spanning Books I through IV, contains a rather tangible investigation of justice in practice. Namely, the section considers what acts or occurrences are just, either in a city or in a man. The second section, beginning around Book V and continuing through the end of the dialogue, deals with the much more abstract issue of justice in a soul. The backbone of this section is the Allegory of the Cave, and the establishment of the philosopher. Within these discussions, a new concept of justice is revealed which proves to be the most profound in the dialogue, and†¦show more content†¦This is a profound step, as it can be paralleled with releasing someone from the â€Å"noble lie† created during the formation of the just city—an act considered and completely refuted at the time. Socrates continues to describe the proce ss of release. â€Å"Take a man who is released and suddenly compelled to stand up, to turn his neck around, to walk and look up toward the light†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The most significant piece of this description is the introduction of the â€Å"light†, representing education and a realization of reality and truth. Socrates describes this liberated person as feeling pain, at first blinded and unaccepting of the new reality placed before him. In order to make the person see the light, â€Å"someone† (515e) drags him towards it, and only after time he would become accustomed and begin to see what has really been presented to him. Every detail of the Allegory has some other meaning[3], but two of its elements are far and beyond the most important—the â€Å"light†, and the â€Å"someone† who aids in the liberation. The light, and more specifically the â€Å"sun†, that Socrates speaks of is nothing more and nothing less than being told the truth. At first it is rejected, not surprisingly, because it overturns everything that was known to be true. But after time, it is gradually accepted until the person accepts the new reality just as he accepted the old reality of puppets and shadows. The â€Å"someone† that brings the person out of the cave isShow MoreRelatedEssay Philosophical Debate1211 Words   |  5 Pagesto practice for dying and death.† While the body desires pleasures of the flesh, the soul desires wisdom. Truth cannot be perceived by senses. So if the search for final and absolute truth is accompanied by one’s body, the person is bound to be deceived. â€Å"For whenever it attempts to examine anything with the body, it is clearly deceived by it.† A philosopher must avoid the lusts and desires that trouble the soul when it is imprisoned within the body. He knows not to place the highest value on theRead More Plato on the Parthenon Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesexists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Platos view of science and mathematics are categorized as forms in the Intelligible World, which are intangible. Through analysis of illusory tactics, the Tripartite Soul, the simile of the line, and the artistic qualities of architecture, Platos, as well as my view of the Parthenon will become evident. The Parthenon was built to honor the goddess of wisdom, Athena. When structuresRead MorePlato on the Parthenon Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesexists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Platos view of science and mathematics are categorized as forms in the Intelligible World, which are intangible. Through analysis of illusory tactics, the Tripartite Soul, the simile of the line, and the artistic qualities of architecture, Platos, as well as my view of the Parthenon will become evident. The Parthenon was built to honor the goddess of wisdom, Athena. When structuresRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1464 Words   |  6 Pagesimperfect and changing manifestation in this world of these unchanging forms.(Plato) Virtue Virtue can indeed be taught, not merely by words, but in and through a vision of the exemplary acts of its bearers. (Plato) God God is an intangible, impersonal entity that encompasses and is the precondition for all ideas, all reality, all of the Forms but is not a religious interpretation and thus does not coincide with any standard view of who or what God is. The point is not to establishRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthe imperfect and changing manifestation in this world of these unchanging forms.(Plato) Virtue Virtue can indeed be taught, not merely by words, but in and through a vision of the exemplary acts of its bearers. (Plato) God God is an intangible, impersonal entity that encompasses and is the precondition for all ideas, all reality, all of the Forms but is not a religious interpretation and thus does not coincide with any standard view of who or what God is. The point is not to establishRead MoreThe Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri1725 Words   |  7 Pagesprejudices into the placement of souls within the Comedy. Ultimately, this results in a few inconsistencies in Dante’s logic that surface throughout the three different canticles. One such inconsistency is the ambiguous nature of Dante’s (or basically God’s, since Dante is, after all, playing the role of God) judgment of pagans. Right off the bat, readers run into virtuous pagans doomed to spend the rest of eternity in Limbo. Although, as their name suggests, these souls were actually respectable andRead MoreSt. Augustine Accepts Platonic Concept Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagesof Philosophy and Christianity. In class, we have discussed a number of ways in which St. Augustine accepts the ideas of Plato; one of those being the theory of forms. Plato’s theory of forms describes the divine to be in the invisible, perfect, intangible world. St. Augustine believed that Plato’s theory of the forms was compatible with his Christian beliefs because of a vision he had while trying to picture God. We are introduced to the Forms in Plato’s dialogue the Phaedo. The Theory of FormsRead MoreMusic, Music And Music1293 Words   |  6 Pagesemotions when words do not seem to be enough. The dulcet hum of the violin or even the sharp notes from an electric guitar are more than enough to express those intangible, yet impressionable feelings that cannot be fully appreciated through words. However, combine words and music together and the composer has a tool that can awaken a thousand souls all at once. Over the millenniums, music has had a profound ability to capture revolutionary moments, condemn injustice, and raise hope for change in theRead MorePlatos Theory of Knowledge Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom darkness. He put it this way, the conversion of the soul is not to put the power of sight in the souls eye, which already has it, but to insure that, insisted of looking in the wrong direction it is turned the way it ought to be. Platos two worlds: the dark, the cave, and the bright were his way of rejecting the Sophists, who found true knowledge impossible because of constant change. Plato believed there was a true Idea of Justice. The Cave showed us this quite dramatically. Read MoreFunctionalist Criminology And Positivist Criminology Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesPositivism are two theories that assess the mind and different approaches to human nature; classicist is a rational act and liberty. This method was industrialized between the 18th and 19th Century, it was created in order to process the criminal justice system and make sure everyone was treated equally (Classical Criminology is connected with Cesare Bonesana , Marchese de Beccaria). Positivism Criminology Is a an theory that is established by the concept of scientific understanding of law-breaking

Essay about The Darkness of Irony in Flannery OConnors...

The central theme of Flannery O’Connor’s three short stories is irony. Her stories are parables, that is, short stories with a lesson to be learned. She was a writer who suffered from Lupus. Her father died of the same illness when she was thirteen. Her Catholic beliefs reflected in her work, as well as the implementation of violence and darkness ironically used in her short stories. The titles in the stories give the readers an idea that the stories are the opposite of what the titles really state. She uses metaphors and similes to describe the characters and the settings of the stories. Each story relates to the darkness of the characters: people with racial prejudice, ignorance, and evil. Each story ends in a tragedy. The use of irony†¦show more content†¦The little boy’s mother attacks Julian’s mother, symbolizing the freedom that blacks now have attained. The religious symbolism in this story is present because in God’s eyes we are all the same, and Julian wants his mother to acknowledge it. Somehow, she fails to comprehend. The title itself is a metaphor. Just as bubbles bang into each other as they rise to the top in boiling water, the women in this story clash with each other as the black woman rises to the top of her social status and the white woman resists. The second story, â€Å"Good Country People†, is a story of a thirty-two-year-old woman who has a wooden leg. Ironically, the author was thirty-two when she died. Another irony: the woman’s name is Joy. The wooden leg symbolizes not only a physical but emotional and religious impediment to Joy-Hulga, who loses her leg due to a childhood accident. She is a well-educated woman with a PhD in Philosophy; she is also an atheist. She uses philosophy to deny faith, but the irony in this story is she gives her wooden leg to a Bible salesman. This part of the story symbolizes that even those who do not profess to religious beliefs need to believe in something or someone. Joy-Hulga’s leg gives support to her body, and her soul gives meaning to her life. The use of simile is shown in the sentences, â€Å"But she was as sensitive about the artificial leg as a peacock about his tail. She took care of it as someone else would his soul.† (674). When sheShow MoreRelatedFl annery OConnor Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O’ Connor’s method of writing is extraordinary with the right amount of religion. She writes in a way in which the reader can easily comprehend. Nonetheless, let us first discuss her short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† in this particular piece of writing O’ Connor gives us a sense of irony and suspense throughout the reading. One can easily recall when the family was passing by the beautiful scenery of Georgia and the grandma had made a racist remark of a Negro child standing in frontRead MoreCharacteristics Of Southern Gothic Literature1694 Words   |  7 Pagesera of Southern Gothic Literature through the pieces of Southern Writers born in the aftermath of The Civil War. One such example of Southern Gothic is A Good Man Is Hard to Find, written by Flannery O’Connor. This story takes place in the state of Georgia during a family road trip. A sense of darkness is instilled in the reader within the first paragraph with the mention of The Misfit, a frightening killer without a conscience. The Grandmother reads about him in the newspaper, stating â€Å"Here thisRead MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man893 Words   |  4 PagesIn O’Connor’s short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† the definition of what it takes to be a â€Å"good man† is very misconstrued. In the beginning of this story a â€Å"good† character does not exist. The family is habitually mean to the grandmother, and the grandmother is a conceded, selfish human being. The misfit, another main character, is a criminal and is not a morally good person either. The central theme of the entire story is the concept of the word â€Å"good,† a nd what it takes to meet this expectationRead MoreGothic Literature : The Southern Gothic Fiction1476 Words   |  6 PagesAuthors use morbidly dark and eccentric characters combined with southern charm and the ever-present gender divide to tell stories that represent a writing style known as southern gothic literature. â€Å"Southern Gothic is a subgenre of Gothic fiction unique to American literature that takes place exclusively in the American South. Elements of a Gothic treatment of the South were apparent in the 19th century, ante- and post-bellum, in the grotesques of Henry Clay Lewis and the de-idealized visions ofRead MoreThe Grotesque Pursue Of Goodness2189 Words   |  9 Pages290 5 May 2016 The Grotesque Pursue of Goodness in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor â€Å"The great advantage of being a Southern writer is that we don’t have to go anywhere to look for manners; bad or good, we’ve got them in abundance. We in the South live in a society that is rich in contradiction, rich in irony, rich in contrast, and particularly rich in its speech† (Flannery O’Connor). Mary Flannery O’Connor was born in 1925 in a Catholic family in the south of the United States,Read More Regal Imagery in Flannery O’Connor’s Everything That Rises Must Converge1013 Words   |  5 PagesRegal Imagery in Flannery O’Connor’s Everything That Rises Must Converge Flannery O’Connor uses images of regality as represented by hats, colors, and ironic regal references in the short story â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge† to symbolize Julian’s mother, and her societal views. She, like the hat, is not as upper class as she would have herself or others believe. In addition, her racist beliefs are challenged when a black woman enters the bus with the very same hat, forcing her to realizeRead MoreAnalysis Of Everything That Rises Must Converge By Flannery OConnor1676 Words   |  7 PagesFlannery O Connor’s works are nothing short of extraordinary. They frequently step into the realm of the extreme to make a statement or prove a point. The result is that her messages are stark and vivid, and O Connor is able to make bold positions on controversial subjects. She achieves this effect through a number of means, which consist primarily of Christian symbolism, character foils, and literary irony. Combined, they create ri ch, intense environments in which radical events push and twistRead MoreEverything That Rises Must Converge By Flannery O Connor1583 Words   |  7 PagesIn Flannery O’ Connor’s, â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge†, Julian’s resentment towards his mother becomes the cause of his own self-revelation. In a selfish attempt to teach his racist mother a lesson in morality, Julian does not sit with her on an integrated bus because It is his fantasy that she will be forced to sit next to an African American person. His wish comes true when an African American woman and her son get on the bus and take a seat next to each of them. However, contrary toRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthat may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction, then, we are referring to the deliberately arranged sequence of interrelated events that constitute the basic narrative structure of a novel or a short story. Events of any kind, of course, inevitably involve people, and for this reason it is virtually impossible to discuss plot in isolation from character. Character and plot are, in fact, intimately and reciprocally related, especially in modern fiction

Assessment of Ell Students Free Essays

Running head: Assessment Assessment of English Language Learners Student Name Grand Canyon University: ESL 534 August 8 2012 With the implementation of the No Child Left behind Act of 2001, states are required to assess ELL students to determine if students are making adequate progress towards their language development goals. The purpose of the NCLB act is to challenge students to meet higher standards, close the achievement gap, and ensure that all students have the same opportunities to reach their full potential. There has been much criticism regarding the NCLB act and the high stakes testing that has developed as a result, especially when it comes to ELL students. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment of Ell Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now ELL students not only have to learn required content objectives as other students, but have the challenge of learning the English language simultaneously. Students, schools, and teachers are evaluated with standardized test annually to ensure the initial goals are met. The concern that many have with standardized testing is they do not show the overall progress of the student which may lead to inaccurate results regarding a student’s language proficiency. English Language Learners are a diverse group with different languages, cultures, and backgrounds. Their language acquisition can be effected by many things including socio-economic factors and educational backgrounds. Understanding language acquisition theories can give critical insight into how assessments should be developed. Some of the popular theories of language acquisition include the threshold hypothesis, which states that a student’s language skills need to reach a critical level before students can benefit from bilingualism (Cummins, 1979) and the Critical/ Sensitive period hypothesis which states that students who are not exposed to a second language before puberty will never reach the proficiency of a native English speaker (Bailey Heritage, 2010). According to Hakuta 2000, it takes several years for ELL students to reach the level of proficiency needed to learn new academic content through a second language. This theory and others hould cause educators to question the current objectives that we have for ELL students and the time frame that ELL students have for meeting those objectives. Language proficiency assessments are an important tool used to measure students’ progress as well as record their starting point. Stiggins and Chappuis 2005 argue that students make conclusions ab out their capability of learning based on the assessments that teachers provide. and that â€Å"feedback delivered once a year from standardized district, state, national, or international is far too infrequent and broadly focused to be helpful (Stiggins Chappuis, 2005 p. 2). Stiggins and Chappuis believe that our current educational system places far too much emphasis on assessments and that one test does not provide an accurate measure of a schools or students success. Instead, they argue that student involved assessments are more beneficial for the student and teacher and set the student up for success. With student involved assessments student and teachers work as partners to monitor their achievement creating an environment where students feel secure and know what is expected of them and what it takes for them to meet their goals Stiggins Chappuis, 2005). Within the last ten years there have been numerous debates centered over how or if ELL students should participate in standardized testing. Some have argued that standardized test can be biased against ELL students because they don’t take into account cultural differences in language structure. Standardized test provide only a snap shot of the learning and growth that has taken place for ELL students and is not a way to accurately monitor the progress of students. With standardized testing we shift the attention from learning and building knowledge for the future to focusing on short term results. With unrealistic goals for standardized testing it can be difficult to tell the difference between schools that are serving the needs of ELL students and those that are not. References Bailey, A. L. and Heritage M. (2010). English Language Proficiency Assessments Foundations: External Judgments of Adequacy. Evaluating the validity of English language Proficiency Assessments. (An Enhanced Assessment Grant). Retrieved August 2, 2012 from http://www. library. gcu. edu Stiggins, R. and Chappuis, J. Using Student-Involved Classroom Assessment to Close Achievement Gaps Retrieved August 2, 2012 from http://www. library. gcu. edu How to cite Assessment of Ell Students, Essay examples

Comparison between NPV and IRR Method-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Describe the Net Present Value (NPV) method for Investment appraisal and explain the arguments that suggest that NPV should be preferred to Internal Rate of Return (IRR) when choosing among mutually exclusive capital investment projects. Answer: Introduction NPV method which is also known as Net Present Value Method and the Internal Rate of Return Method are popular methods of decision making. Investment proposal is analyzed with the help of these techniques and their future productivity. The investment proposal is selected after analyzing by these techniques. These methods are widely used by the business organization because of their accuracy in the projection but no method can provide an accurate projection of the future outcome. Therefore there is some limitation in these methods too. Net Present Value The net present value is the technique of selecting best investment project from different investment projects available. The net present value of investment proposal is defined as the sum of present value of all future cash inflows less the sum of the [present value of all cash outflow associated with the proposal(accountingtools, 2017). The concept of selection of projects under net present value is simple. The present value of all the future cash flows received from the project is discounted at the discount rate prevailing in the market and from that the present value of all the future cash outflows that are going to arise in the future will be subtracted. The investment project whose net present value is higher from all will be selected before other projects. The calculation of net present value is simple and effective. Following steps are followed by while calculating net present value: Determine total cash outflow arising from the project and the year in which these cash flows are arising. Then the total cash flow will be discounted with the discounted rate and converted into present value. Now calculate the total cash flow derived from the projects in different years. The life of the projects can be more and the projection, in that case, is difficult to be assessed. The total cash flows calculated in the above step will be discounted with the present value to derive the present value of cash inflow. The net present value is calculated by subtracting the total net present value of cash outflow from the project from the total cash inflow of the project received throughout its life. The project will be accepted if the project has positive or 0 Net Present Value. The project with higher Net Present Value will generate more profit for the company so they should be selected first. Comparison between NPV and IRR method: The future survival and growth of a business organization depend on its capacity to make the right decisions. The management of the company should take a decision by applying their due diligence and professional skills and these decisions should result in the development of the company. The project evaluation decision is one of such major decision which contributes to the growth of the company. There are different methods available to evaluate projects that should be accepted(Jan). The two methods net present value method and the internal rate of return methods are used widely by different organization. There is some issue between the uses of such methods over other methods. Both of the investment analyzing technique uses the concept of present value of money(efinancemanagement, 2012). The result of both the techniques is same in most of the cases but in some case, they might have a conflict with each other. For example, in some case, the net present value of one project is higher bu t the internal rate of return is lower(efinancemanagement, 2012). The net present value method calculates the opportunity cost of the different projects over another project. This conflict between the projects arises due to the nature of the project whether they are independent or mutually exclusive. The net present value method is considered best in the case of to be more useful in case of a mutually exclusive project than the internal rate of return. The meaning of mutually exclusive project is that one projects consideration does not include some other project. The internal rate of return consider the reinvestment of the same project over the expiry of its life, but net present value focuses on the single project that is into consideration. The reinvestment of the project is not practical there can be some more option in the future and the demand of present situation to give judgment on the presently available option. Further, the internal rate of return considers discounting of the future reinvestment of the project with the same rate. The internal rate of return based on too much future assumption. This is not practical neither accepted in the present competitive market. In the case of the internal rate of return, the rates derived from the calculation are sometimes impracti cal and too good to be true such as 30% or 35%. In a practical market, this return is impossible to achieve. The net present value, on the other hand, is taken into consideration the practical lending or borrowing rate which are prevailing in the market at that time. The internal rate of return simply calculates the rate at which the present value of cash inflow is equal to the present value of cash outflow arising from the project. The project with a higher rate of return will be selected from all the other projects. In the case of the mutually exclusive project, the net present value is best suitable than the internal rate of return. It gives more accurate result than the internal rate of return method and does not takes into account any assumption figures. The net present value always uses the true market rates. The internal rate of return is a relative method and ignores the total value added by acceptance of the project. Net present value is simpler than the internal rate of return and can be easily understood by the general public, it does not require any financial education on behalf of the user of information. Advantages and disadvantages of net present value method: There are many pros and cons associated with NPV method utilization. Some of them are pointed as follows Advantages The main advantage of net present value method is that it takes into consideration the future value of money(investopedia). Future value of money will always be less than it is now in the present Every year cash flow arising from the project is then discounted by the discount rate and converted into a present value which will be lower mainly. The net present value states clearly the total benefit arising in the future year from a project. The total benefit is subtracted from the total expense on the project which will be income from the project. It takes into account the inherent risk in making future projections. It also takes into account the cost of capital also. While evaluating the projects the risk and profitability factors associated with the projects are taken into consideration. The main concept of net present value is maximizing the value of the firm. Disadvantages The biggest and main disadvantage of the net present value of the project evaluation is that the cost of capital taken into calculation requires some assumption on a personal basis which can differ on an individual The net present value cannot be used while comparing two projects of different life. The project should be assumed that it will be reinvested again if such comparison is to be made which is impractical. Some people find the calculation of the net present value of the project very difficult because it contains some assumption on discounted The appropriate discounting rate cannot be calculated easily. Advantages and disadvantages of internal rate of return method: The internal rate of return as part of capital budgeting technique has certain advantages and limitations. Some of them are detailed as follows Advantages The internal rate takes into consideration the time value of money which one of the prominent factors to be considered while analyzing projects The internal rate of return is simple to understand by the general It simply gives the rate of return of each project that is under evaluation(Kumar, 2010). These rates of returns are then evaluated and the project with a higher rate of return will be selected. The internal rate of return can be used to evaluate two projects of different duration. For example, one project which has a life of 3 years can be compared with another project with 5-year Disadvantages The internal rate of return ignores all the future hidden cost which may arise. It only considers the time value of money but other changes in cost due to economic or political factors is ignored(Lanctot). This can affect the return received from the investment. The internal rate of return method makes the assumption the reinvestment of the project can be done at the same rate which is calculated now. But the future assumption cannot be used to achieve accuracy in business decision making. The Internal Rate of Return specifies the result in percentage basis and does not give the total benefit or loss in the term of dollars. The Internal Rate of Return calculation requires large formula. This formula can be hard to remember and even harder to execute in practical condition. Bibliography accountingtools. (2017). net present value analysis. Retrieved July 30, 2017, from accountingtools: https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/2017/5/17/net-present-value-analysis efinancemanagement. (2012). Why Net Present Value is the Best Measure for Investment Appraisal? Retrieved July 30, 2017, from efinancemanagement: https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/why-net-present-value-is-the-best-measure-for-investment-appraisal investopedia. (n.d.). Advantages and Disadvantages of the NPV and IRR Methods By Investopedia. Retrieved July 30, 2017, from investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/exam-guide/cfa-level-1/corporate-finance/advantages-disadvantages-npv-net-present-value-irr-internal-rate-of-return.asp Jan, O. (n.d.). NPV vs IRR. Retrieved July 30, 2017, from accountingexplained: https://accountingexplained.com/managerial/capital-budgeting/npv-vs-irr Kumar, V. (2010). Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal Rate of Return. Retrieved July 30, 2017, from Accounting Education: https://www.svtuition.org/2010/05/advantages-and-disadvantages-of.html Lanctot, P. (n.d.). The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internal Rate of Return Method. Retrieved July 30, 2017, from chron: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-internal-rate-return-method-60935.html